弗里德曼法律发展理论探析

发布时间：2018-02-21 18:44

本文关键词： 法律制度法律文化个人主义法律全球化　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 当下,希腊金融危机触及了西方语境中法律全球化的软肋,即所谓最完善的美国商法和毫无风险的金融衍生品都是“西方学者的自吹自擂”。而弗里德曼作为西方杰出的法社会学者,对全球化下的法律发展的做出了自己的解释与预测,弗里德曼把法律变化与社会变化的关系问题作为自己的终身问题,并且一直坚持社会变迁型塑法律文化,法律文化影响法律制度,法律制度又反作用于社会变迁的思路来解释社会的发展。本文通过对弗里德曼法律发展理论中的三个基本概念——法律、法律制度和法律文化——的梳理,进而以法律文化作为切入点,来检视他的法律发展观点。首先,弗里德曼基于社会学的视角考察法律和法律制度,这是其独创。弗里德曼采取一种外部观察的方式,试图从社会科学的视角来看待法律,也就是将法律制度视为许多社会制度中的一种,按照行为来描述、解释法律制度,清晰的描述了动态的法律制度运行过程。在这一动态过程中,弗里德曼强调了被他称为“法律文化”的作用,法律文化既是弗里德曼法律发展理论中的分析性概念,又是实质性变量。其次,弗里德曼论述了西方工业化、现代化和现代法律文化间的逻辑,这是其发展理论的核心内容。他认为现代性的特征就是经由科技带来的社会迅速变革,现代科技不仅改变了人们的生活环境,还由此改变了人们看待世界的方式。与19世纪相比,个人主义观的内涵在20世纪发生了根本转变,亦即由政治、经济领域的个人主义转向表现型个人主义。而表现型个人主义观的内涵体现于个人选择的广度和深度的扩大、法律对个人选择权利的尊重和保护,法律的合法性基础正是基于人们愿意以法律德方式来保护其选择权。于是,在弗里德曼的视野中“现代工业化、法律文化、法律制度的变迁”形成了一个美好的循环。最后,弗里德曼认为现代化带来的文化的趋同最终会使法律全球化,且法律全球化可能遵循美国法律目前的模式——选择的共和国的道路。这暴露了他的思想中不足的一面,撇开文化霸权论不谈,至少他的理论路数本身就有缺陷。即使在现代化、全球化的驱使下,文化逐渐呈现趋同性是一个事实问题,但完全抹杀文化的差异性,得出世界文化趋美国化的结论有失客观。法律全球化、法律文化、法律技术趋同化无法完全消灭法律文化的独特性,全球化带来的是文化的冲突和共生以及由此而产生的文化的新发展,而不是文化同一于美国文化模式。
[Abstract]:At present, the Greek financial crisis has touched the weakness of legal globalization in the western context. That is, the most perfect American commercial law and risk-free financial derivatives are all "boasted by western scholars." Friedman, as an outstanding legal and social scholar in the West, has made his own explanation and prediction of the legal development under the globalization. Friedman regards the relationship between legal change and social change as his own lifelong problem, and has always insisted on shaping the legal culture of social change, which affects the legal system. Legal system reacts with the idea of social change to explain the development of society. This paper combs three basic concepts in Friedman's theory of legal development: law, legal system and legal culture. Then the legal culture as a starting point to examine his point of view of legal development. First of all, Friedman's approach to law and legal system from a sociological perspective was his originality. Friedman tried to look at law from the perspective of the social sciences in an external way. That is to say, the legal system is regarded as one of many social systems, describing and explaining the legal system according to the behavior, clearly describing the dynamic process of the legal system. Friedman emphasized the role of what he called "legal culture", which is not only an analytical concept in Friedman's theory of legal development, but also a substantial variable. Secondly, Friedman discusses the logic between western industrialization, modernization and modern legal culture, which is the core of his theory of development. Modern science and technology not only changed people's living environment, but also the way people look at the world. Compared with 19th century, the connotation of individualism changed fundamentally in 20th century, that is, by politics. In the economic field, individualism turns to expressive individualism, and the connotation of expressive individualism is embodied in the expansion of the breadth and depth of individual choice, and the respect and protection of the right of individual choice by law. The legal basis of law is based on the willingness of people to protect their right to choose in the way of legal virtue, and thus, in Friedman's vision, "modern industrialization, legal culture and the change of legal system" have formed a beautiful cycle. Finally, Friedman believes that the cultural convergence of modernization will eventually lead to the globalization of law, and that legal globalization may follow the current model of American law-the choice of the path of the republic. Aside from the theory of cultural hegemony, at least his theoretical approach is flawed. Even under the drive of modernization and globalization, the gradual convergence of cultures is a matter of fact, but completely obliterates the cultural differences. The conclusion that the world culture tends to be Americanized is not objective. The globalization of law, the assimilation of legal culture and legal technology can not completely eliminate the uniqueness of legal culture. Globalization brings about the conflict and symbiosis of culture and the new development of culture, not the unity of culture in American culture model.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90

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