韩国港口经营人责任限制制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 10:52

本文关键词： 韩国商法港口经营人责任限制法律责任　出处：《辽宁大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：港口作为海上货物运输的枢纽,在保障重要物资运输,促进航运业发展,实现国家经济发展战略目标以及维护国家安全方面起着举足轻重的作用。虽然港口业肩负着至关重要的公共职能,却一直是低回报、高投入的行业。然而在当今港口作业的实际操作中,标的额经常是上千万、上亿美元,如若发生货物毁损或灭失责任人就要进行全额赔付。港口经营人收取的低额的作业费与如此重大的责任之间明显不成比例,港口经营人不能像承运人一样依法享有责任限制的权利,却要承担着巨大的责任风险,权利义务出现失衡。正因如此,在没有已经生效的国际公约调整相关权利义务的情况下,各国如何面对港口经营人责任限制问题成为了海事司法界以及海商法学界共同关注的焦点。研究韩国港口经营人的责任限制制度可以发现,韩国在很大程度上解决了这一困扰。实际上,港口经营人的责任限制问题是港口经营人法律地位问题的一个分支课题。在韩国,关于港口经营人的法律地位学术界有较为统一的观点,即认为其属于独立合同人,因此在司法实践中相关的裁判标准更加明晰,法院对该类纠纷的处理保持一致的立场,使得船方、港方和货方能够预测自身风险。然而在中国,港口经营人的法律地位主要有独立合同人说、受雇人代理人说、实际承运人说等,不同法律地位下的港口经营人所享有的责任限制也不尽相同。主要是因为在中国现行的法律框架下,没有明确的法律调整港口经营人的民事责任,无法认定港口经营人的法律地位,长期以来学术界争论不断,从而造成了司法过程中的标准各异。通过对比,不难发现韩国在确定港口经营人的法律地位,赋予港口经营人责任限制制度的必要性与合理性,以及如何赋予港口经营人责任限制等问题上有其特殊方式。本文通过介绍韩国法下的相关概念,特别是通过对《韩国商法》中相关法条以及韩国相关司法案例的分析,介绍了港口经营人责任限制制度在韩国的构建方式和基本内容。进而深入探究韩国港口经营人责任限制制度的优势与局限,并结合国际公约的立法趋势与中国该项制度的现状,探索适合中国国情和法律体系的解决方式。
[Abstract]:As a hub for the carriage of goods by sea, the port ensures the transportation of important goods and promotes the development of the shipping industry. The realization of the strategic objectives of national economic development and the maintenance of national security play a pivotal role. Although the port industry has a vital public function, it has always been a low return. High-input industries. However, in the actual operation of today's port operations, the target value is often tens of millions, hundreds of millions of dollars, If the person responsible for the damage or loss of the goods is to be paid in full. The low operating expenses charged by the port operator are clearly out of proportion to such a heavy liability, The port operator can not enjoy the right of limitation of liability as the carrier according to law, but he has to bear enormous liability risk, and the rights and obligations are out of balance. For this reason, without the international convention that has already been in force, the relevant rights and obligations are adjusted. How to face the limitation of the liability of the port operators has become the focus of the maritime judicial and maritime law circles. The study of the liability limitation system of the port operators in Korea can be found. South Korea has largely solved this problem. In fact, the limitation of the liability of port operators is a branch of the legal status of port operators. There is a unified view on the legal status of port operators, that is, they belong to independent contractors, so the relevant judgment standards are clearer in judicial practice, and the court maintains a consistent position on the handling of this kind of disputes. Allowing the ship, Hong Kong and cargo to predict their own risks. In China, however, the legal status of port operators is dominated by independent contractors, employees' agents, actual carriers, etc. The limitation of liability enjoyed by port operators under different legal status is also different. The main reason is that under the current legal framework of China, there is no clear law regulating the civil liability of port operators. Unable to determine the legal status of the port operator, the academic circles have been arguing continuously for a long time, which has resulted in different standards in the judicial process. Through comparison, it is not difficult to find that South Korea is determining the legal status of the port operator. The necessity and rationality of the limitation system of the liability of the port operator and how to grant the limitation of the liability of the port operator have their special ways. This paper introduces the relevant concepts under Korean law. In particular, through the analysis of the relevant articles of the Korean Commercial Law and the relevant judicial cases in South Korea, This paper introduces the construction mode and basic content of the liability limitation system of port operators in Korea, and then probes into the advantages and limitations of the liability limitation system of port operators in Korea, and combines with the legislative trend of international conventions and the present situation of this system in China. To explore solutions suitable for China's national conditions and legal system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D931.26;DD912.29

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