论垄断的法律维度

发布时间：2018-03-02 12:02

本文选题：垄断　切入点：法律　出处：《郑州大学》2002年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 哈耶克说：竞争发挥功能不仅需要资金、市场等充分的组织和特定的制度，而且首先取决于适当的法律制度存在，这种法律制度既能维护竞争又能以最有益的方式运行。维度的英语原意是尺寸和度等含义，中国学者意译为维度恰当表述了人们对事物特性的适度把握。垄断法律维度就是国家制定和实施反垄断法律时依据这些客观规律需要掌握的适当限度。因此应当整合研究多维的市场竞争行为(微观)和制度化的政府规制(宏观)来建立垄断的法律维度的理论基础。为此，本文采用法律经济学特别是制度分析法研究。本文分为六个部分：第一部分是竞争的法律维度。垄断和竞争密切相关，在德姆塞茨等人看来，垄断只不过是竞争的异化物和对立物；从制度层面上说，美、欧和加拿大等国也将竞争法等同于反垄断法。竞争活动的多样性、市场结构的多重性和竞争结果的双重性决定了政府规制竞争的维度。第二部分垄断的法律维度。由垄断本身的定义可以看出垄断本身就有两面性；竞争均衡虽能实现主体效用最大化但不现实，竞争使企业有规模经济要求，规模经济意味着一定程度的垄断但不能超过一定的度，否则，就是规模不经济；公平和效率是竞争价值取向上的主客观标准，单纯强调一方都有失偏颇，如何进行价值取向要根据具体国情来予以把握适当的度；法学范畴的矛盾要求立法者在规制垄断时注意原则性与灵活性相结合的度，既在原则上禁止非法的不合理的垄断，又能允许合理合法的垄断存在，这就是垄断法律维度。第三部分是政府规制的界定。政府规制本身就意味着适度干预之义，因为从公共选择理论和政府的作用结果看，政府行为也存在成功和失败的问题，，这就要求市场机制和政府规制进行互补。经济学界为此提供了一定的合理的划分依据，但立法者要依据各国国情来予以调整民商法和经济法规制市场的界限：哪些领域应由政府直接管制，哪些由政府通过制定竟争法等实行间接规制，哪些应由市场机制调整。第四部分是外国反垄断法律的制度选择。首先，垄断的多维性决定了反垄断法立法目标的多重复杂性，这些目标在实现时难免会出现冲突，这就需要明确反垄断法律的价值取向。反垄断法律的价值取向既有经济自由、经济效率，也有社会整体利益，关键是看不同的国家不同时期对其偏好而己，不同的价值偏好决定了反垄断法律的目标变化和取舍。其次，作者又从反垄断法的三根支柱上论述了垄断的多维性在法律上的反映。反垄断法律的例外是垄断多维性的典型立法体现。从国外来看，不同的国家或同一国家处于不同的发展阶段，受自身发展水平及外部竞争格局的影响，法律所规定予以豁免的行业和领域也不同。除了反垄断法之外，还有宪法、知识产权法、海关法及国际条约等相关法律也都有体现垄断维度的规定。它们和反垄断法构成了一国反垄断的法律制度。第五部分是外国反垄断法律的制度变迁。分析外国反垄断法的制度变化，可以使我们从比较维度和国际维度出发来分析中国反垄断法的价值取向维度。外国反垄断法的制度变迁反映了政府和企业博奕的过程，这一过程体现了社会对反垄断法律的偏好。从西方国 V 家竞争理论和竞争立法的轨迹来看，人们对垄断的认识经历一个否定之否定的过程。一向崇尚经济自由的人们对垄断企业和垄断行为的出现碎不及防，为了维护经济上的民主，美国一开始就严厉制裁垄断。随着社会的发展和经济学家的深入研究人们发现了垄断富有效率的一面，国家朝着放松垄断规制的方向发展。新经济的市场现实又直接动摇了法律上认定垄断的基础。西方国家反垄断法的实践表明人们对垄断的价值取向由经济自由转向经济效率最后向社会公共利益转变的历程。第六部分是中国反垄断法律的制度选择。建立适当的法律制度应考虑社会的需要。我国反垄断法律的缺陷和当前形势要求我国参照他国经验制定反垄断法为我国经济发展保驾护航。但是，中国有自己的市场特点：先有垄断（人为）后有竞争，行政垄断和经济垄断并存，国际竞争力和国内竟争力相矛盾。这些国情要求我国制定竞争政策和法律的同时，要区分垄断的多面性，同时也要使我国的反垄断法根据竞争政策的价值取向和形势发展具有一定的权变性，这才是我国反垄断法应掌握的度。因此，作者对我国反垄断法的立法目的和价值取向作了安排，提出依扼一定的原则确定我国反垄断法例外的行为、组织、人员及紧急情况。同时也指出反垄断法要和相关法律制度衔接，以完善我国系统的反垄断法律制度。
[Abstract]:Hayek said: the competition function requires not only capital, market enough organization and system, and first of all depends on the proper legal system, the legal system can protect competition and can run in the most beneficial way. English is the size and dimension of original meaning, grasp the Chinese scholars paraphrase dimension express the people to the characteristics of things. Dimensions of monopolization law is the national formulation and implementation of anti-monopoly law on the basis of the objective law requires appropriate limits. So we should grasp the market competition behavior of multidimensional integration (micro) government regulation and institutional (macro) theoretical basis to establish the legal dimensions of monopoly. Therefore, the law and economics especially analysis system.
This article is divided into six parts:
The first part is dimensions of competition. Monopoly and competition are closely related, in the opinion of Demsetz et al., monopoly is only dissimilation and the antithesis of competition; from the system level, the United States, Europe and Canada and other countries will also be competition law as the antimonopoly law. Diversity competition activities, dual market the structure of the multiplicity and competition results of the government decision to regulate competition dimensions.
The second part of the legal dimensions of monopoly monopoly itself. By definition can be seen monopoly itself has two sides; the competitive equilibrium can realize maximize the effectiveness of the main but not the reality, so that enterprises have competition for the economies of scale, economies of scale implies a certain degree of monopoly but not exceeding a certain degree, otherwise, is the scale of economy; fairness and efficiency is the competition on the value orientation of the subjective and objective standard, emphasizing only one side biased, how to carry out the value orientation according to the specific conditions to grasp the right degree; contradiction in law category is asking lawmakers to pay attention to the combination of principle and flexibility in the regulation of the degree of monopoly, both in illicit reasonable monopoly prohibition principle, and can allow a reasonable legal monopoly exists, this is the dimensions of monopolization law.
The third part is the definition of government regulation. Government regulation itself means moderate intervention
Because of the result of the theory of public choice and the effect of the government, government behavior also exists.
The problem of success and failure requires that the market mechanism and government regulation be complemented.
The academic circles have provided a reasonable basis for dividing it, but the legislators should be based on the national conditions of all countries.
To adjust the limits of the civil and commercial law and the economic law to regulate the market: which areas should be directed by the government
The system of takeover, which by the government through the formulation of the competition law and other indirect regulation, which should be from the city
Adjustment of the field mechanism.
The fourth part is the choice of the system of foreign antitrust law. First, the multidimensional nature of monopoly
It determines the multiple duplication of the legislative objectives of the antitrust law, which will inevitably be realized.
In the case of conflict, it needs to clear the value orientation of antitrust law. The price of antitrust law
The value orientation not only has economic freedom, economic efficiency, but also has the overall interests of the society. The key is not to look at it.
The same country has its own preference at different times, and the different value preferences determine the antitrust law
The change and choice of the goal of law. Secondly, the author also discusses the three pillars of the antitrust law.
The multidimensional nature of the monopoly is reflected in the law. The exception of the antitrust law is the multidimensional monopoly
The typical legislative embodiment. From abroad, different countries or the same country are different.
The stage of development, influenced by the level of its own development and the pattern of external competition, is provided by the law.
The industries and areas of exemption are different.
In addition to antitrust laws, there are constitutions, intellectual property law, customs law, and international articles
The relevant laws and other related laws also have the provisions of the monopoly dimension. They are made up of the antitrust law.
The legal system of a country's antitrust.
The fifth part is the institutional change of foreign antimonopoly law.
The change of the system enables us to analyze the Chinese Anti ridges from the comparative and international dimensions
The value orientation dimension of the broken law. The institutional change of foreign antitrust law reflects the government and the enterprise
The process of game embodies the social preference for antitrust laws from the West.
V
On the track of family competition theory and competition legislation, people have an experience of monopoly.
The process of denial. People who have always advocated economic freedom for monopolies and monopolies
In order to maintain economic democracy, the United States has been severely punished in the beginning.
Monopoly. With the development of society and the in-depth study of economists, people found monopoly rich
On the side of efficiency, the state is developing towards the direction of the relaxation of the monopoly regulation. The market of the new economy is now
The foundation of the legal determination of monopoly is directly shaken. Practice of anti monopoly law in western countries
It shows that the value orientation of people's monopoly turns from economic freedom to economic efficiency to social public.
The course of the change of common interest.
The sixth part is the choice of China's antitrust law system and the establishment of a proper legal system
The needs of the society should be considered. The defects of China's antitrust law and the current situation require our country to participate
According to the experience of other countries, the anti monopoly law is set up to protect the economic development of our country. However, China has it.
The characteristics of its own market: first, monopoly (human) after competition, administrative monopoly and economic monopoly
Broken coexist, international competitiveness and competition contradiction. These conditions require China to develop
At the same time, the competition policy and the law should distinguish the multifaceted nature of the monopoly, and at the same time, we should make our country
The anti - monopoly law has a certain right change according to the value orientation and situation of the competition policy.
This is the degree to which China's antitrust law should be mastered. Therefore, the author has established the anti trust law of our country.
The purpose and value orientation of the law are arranged, and the anti monopoly of China is determined according to the certain principle.
The act, organization, personnel and emergency situation of the law is excepted.
The relevant legal systems link up to improve our system of antitrust legal system.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D912.29

【引证文献】