论刑事法律推定

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:37

本文选题：刑事法律　切入点：推定　出处：《山东大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法律推定是法律或法官从已知事实推论未知事实所得出的结论。刑事法律推定是指在刑事诉讼过程中，司法人员在无反证的前提下，根据事实之间的常态联系，以某一已查明的刑事法律事实推断另一难以证明的刑事法律事实存在、不存在或其相关状态。我国仅在民商法中对法律推定有所规定，而在刑事法律中未明确出现“推定”一词，但刑事理论界对刑事法律推定已持认可态度。本文试图通过对国外英美法系和大陆法系法学有关刑事法律推定的理论进行归纳分析，对法律推定和刑事法律推定一般原理(概念、特征、分类和存在依据等)的阐述，以刑事法律推定为视角，，遵循刑事一体化的思想，从刑事立法和刑事司法两个角度，探讨我国刑事法律中关于法律推定的一般原理、具体体现和刑事法律推定原则，希望能为我国刑事法律推定制度的建立完善提供一些参考和借鉴。本文除引言和结束语外，正文共分为四部分：第一部分法律推定与刑事法律推定的一般原理。第一部分正文从推定、法律推定含义入手，结合法律推定的分类、基础和依据，引导出刑事法律推定的一般原理及其现实意义。在刑事法律推定的一般原理中，笔者界定了刑事法律推定的含义，归纳总结刑事法律推定的特征，并对刑事法律推定作了立法和司法上的狭义的分类；通过刑事法律推定一般原理的阐述，着重论述了刑事法律推定的现实意义，围绕刑事法律推定具有缩短刑事实体法和刑事程序法之间距离的功用，实现法律公正与社会功利的结合，体现刑法对社会保护和人权保障两种价值取向的统一三方面来论证刑事法律推定有存在和发展的必要。第二部分刑事立法上的法律推定。这一部分笔者通过介绍英美法系和大陆法系刑事立法上的法律推定，重点阐明我国刑事立法上的法律推定。无论我们承认与否，法律推定在我国刑事立法中确确实实存在，笔者主要围绕犯罪主观要件、公职人员贪污贿赂犯罪、持有型犯罪和自然人精神正常、违法性和可罚性阻却事由等五个方面来论证刑事法律推定在我国刑事立法中的存在和体现。第三部分刑事司法实践中的法律推定。由于刑事实体法最终要通过刑事程序法得以实现，因此部分与程序法结合紧密的实体法规定的内容和程序法的法律推定要通过司法实践才能体现，这一部分笔者主要围绕刑法因果关系、犯罪主体
[Abstract]:The presumption of law is the conclusion that the law or the judge infer the unknown facts from known facts. Criminal legal presumption refers to the normal relationship between the facts under the premise of no contrary proof in the course of criminal proceedings. Infer from an established criminal legal fact that another criminal legal fact is difficult to prove, does not exist or is related to it... our country only provides for legal presumption in civil and commercial law, However, there is no explicit word "presumption" in criminal law, but the criminal theorists have accepted the presumption of criminal law. This paper attempts to sum up and analyze the theory of presumption of criminal law in Anglo-American law system and civil law system. The general principles of legal presumption and criminal legal presumption (concept, characteristics, classification and basis of existence, etc.) are expounded, from the angle of view of criminal legal presumption, following the idea of criminal integration, from the two angles of criminal legislation and criminal justice. This paper probes into the general principle of presumption of law in criminal law of our country, concretely embodies the principle of presumption of criminal law, and hopes to provide some references and references for the establishment and perfection of the system of presumption of criminal law in our country. In addition to the introduction and concluding remarks, the text is divided into four parts:. The first part is the general principle of the presumption of law and the presumption of criminal law. The first part begins with the presumption, the meaning of the presumption of law, and the classification, basis and basis of the presumption of law. In the general principle of the presumption of criminal law, the author defines the meaning of the presumption of criminal law, summarizes the characteristics of the presumption of criminal law. The author also classifies the presumption of criminal law in the narrow sense of legislation and judicature, expounds the general principle of the presumption of criminal law, and emphasizes on the practical significance of the presumption of criminal law. The presumption of criminal law has the function of shortening the distance between the criminal substantive law and the criminal procedure law, and realizes the combination of legal justice and social utility. It is necessary to demonstrate the existence and development of the presumption of criminal law from three aspects: the unity of social protection and human rights protection in criminal law. The second part is the presumption of law in criminal legislation. In this part, the author introduces the presumption of law in criminal legislation of common law system and civil law system, and clarifies the presumption of law in criminal legislation of our country. Whether we admit it or not, The presumption of law does exist in the criminal legislation of our country. The author mainly revolves around the subjective elements of crime, the crime of embezzlement and bribery of public officials, the crime of possession and the normal spirit of natural person. This paper discusses the existence and embodiment of presumption of criminal law in criminal legislation. The third part is the presumption of law in the practice of criminal justice. Therefore, the content of the substantive law and the legal presumption of the procedural law must be reflected through judicial practice. This part of the author mainly revolves around the criminal law causality, the subject of the crime.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D925.2

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