英美法系公司发起人对公司成立前合同的责任

发布时间：2018-03-09 09:33

本文选题：英美法系　切入点：发起人　出处：《对外经济贸易大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 公司发起人在公司成立前为公司利益与第三人签订合同是不可避免的，发起人对这类合同的责任制度的构建体现着公共利益的需要，必须给予充分关注。我国公司设立的一些特殊规定导致发起人在公司成立前缔约的必要性比英美法系国家更为突出，纠纷也更多，相关法律、法规却存在很多疏漏，给司法实践带来很大困扰。为给我国公司立法和司法实践提供借鉴，本文从签订公司成立前合同的必要性和关注此类合同的重要性、发起人对公司成立前合同的责任性质、适用场合、归责原则、合同相对方可获得的救济、发起人免责事由以及规避责任的方法等层面，就英美法系国家发起人对公司成立前合同的责任制度进行了全面系统的理论分析和判例研究，并针对我国现行法律、法规和司法实践的现状和缺陷提出了完善我国发起人合同责任制度的建议，即：借鉴英美公司立法和我国法学家的观点将成立前合同视为发起人个人合同，并赋予公司接受合同的选择权；赋予法院特定情况下的合同责任裁量权；允许发起人约定免责；规定发起人因在公司成立前缔约而产生的合同责任和过失侵权责任为连带责任，故意侵权责任则非连带责任；在公司设立无效或因设立瑕疵而导致公司法人资格被撤销的情况下，由发起人对合同承担连带责任；在公司拒绝接受成立前合同的情况下，允许发起人请求法院裁定公司拒绝行为的正当性；统一对承担有限责任公司和股份有限公司设立事务之人的称谓，统一这两类公司的发起人合同责任制度。公司发起人对公司成立前合同的责任问题是公司设立过程中一个至关重要的问题，也是实践中引发很多纠纷的问题，不仅关系到商事经济的发展与繁荣，，还涉及交易安全和第三人利益的保护。因此，英美法系国家对这个问题给予了充分的重视，不仅有为大量经典判例确立的普通法规则，还通过制定成文法修正了普通法规则之不足，公司法、商法专著中也往往设专门章节对这个问题进行探讨。英美法系公司立法构建的发起人合同责任制度在充分保护第三人利益的前提下，较好地平衡了公司、发起人和第三人的利益，既有利于维护交易安全，又确保了商事交易的效率。相形之下，我国公司发起人对公司成立前合同的责任制度的构建尚处于初级阶段，这不仅表现在现行立法存在很多疏漏，如对有限责任公司发起人合同责任的规定仍是空白，对股份有限公司发起人合同责任的规定也仅限于公司不能成立的情形，而且表现在相关理论研究也很少有人涉足，公司法论著、论文往往对发起人合同责任问题一笔带过，尚无人对英美法系和大陆法系发起人合同责任制度进行深入系统的理论分析
[Abstract]:It is inevitable that a company promoter signed a contract with third people for the benefit of the company before the establishment of the company.
The construction of the responsibility system of the type of contract embodies the needs of the public interest and must give full attention.
Some special regulations lead to the necessity of the initiators to contract before the establishment of the company, which is more prominent than the common law countries.
More and more, there are many omissions in the relevant laws and regulations, which have brought great trouble to the judicial practice.
As a reference to the legislation and judicial practice of the company, the necessity of signing the contract before the establishment of the company and the concern of such contracts
The nature of the liability of the initiator of the contract before the establishment of the company, the application, the principle of liability, the relative parties of the contract.
The relief, the disclaimer of the initiator and the way to avoid the responsibility are the sponsors of the Anglo American legal system.
The liability system of the contract before the establishment of the company has been carried out in a comprehensive and systematic theoretical analysis and case study.
The current status and defects of laws, regulations and judicial practice put forward suggestions to improve the system of contract liability for the initiators of our country, namely:
Referring to the legislation of Anglo American companies and the views of the jurists of our country, the former contract is regarded as the personal contract of the initiator and is given to the public.
The company accepts the option of the contract; gives the court the discretion of the contract under the specific circumstances of the court; allows the sponsor to agree to disclaimer;
The liability of the initiator for the contractual liability and the liability for negligence infringement arising from the contracting of the company before the establishment of the company is jointly and severally liable.
The liability of tort is not joint liability; the company's legal person's qualification is revoked by the establishment of an invalid company or a defect in the establishment of the company.
In the case, the sponsor assumes joint and several liability to the contract; in the case of the company refusing to accept the pre - establishment contract, it is allowed
The initiator requests the court to adjudication of the company's refusal; unity is to bear the limited liability company and the limited shares.
The division sets up the title of the person of the affairs, and unify the contract liability system of the sponsors of the two types of companies.
The issue of the liability of a company sponsor to the contract before the establishment of a company is a crucial issue in the process of establishing a company.
It is also a problem that causes many disputes in practice, which is not only related to the development and prosperity of the commercial economy, but also to the transaction security.
The protection of the interests of the whole and the third people. Therefore, the Anglo American law countries have given full attention to the problem, not only
The common law rules established for a large number of classical jurisprudence also amended the shortcomings of the common law rules by the formulation of the grammatical law.
There are also special chapters in the monographs of the commercial law. The legislation of the Anglo American law company is constructed.
Under the premise of fully protecting the interests of the third party, the system of contractual liability of the sponsor has well balanced the company, the sponsor and the company.
The interests of the third people are not only conducive to the maintenance of transaction security, but also the efficiency of business transactions.
In contrast, the establishment of the responsibility system for the contract of the company before the establishment of the company is still in the primary stage.
It is not only shown that there are many omissions in current legislation, such as the stipulations on the contractual liability of the initiator of the limited liability company.
In blank, the stipulations on the contractual liability of the Limited by Share Ltd promoter are limited to the circumstances that the company can not establish, and the statement is also made.
There are few people involved in the study of the relevant theories, the works of the company law, and the thesis on the contract liability of the sponsor.
No one has made a thorough and systematic theoretical analysis on the contract liability system of the initiators of the Anglo American law and the continental law system.

【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：D912.29

【引证文献】