论海上船舶碰撞事故的刑事责任

发布时间：2018-03-09 22:02

本文选题：海上船舶碰撞　切入点：刑事责任　出处：《大连海事大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 近几年,船舶碰撞事故数量在不断增加,严重程度也逐渐加大。经调查,绝大多数的船舶碰撞是由于人为因素造成的。现行法律对于海上船舶碰撞的民事责任和行政责任规定较为详细,但是单凭民事责任和行政责任这两种处罚方式,不仅常常满足不了受害方的心理安抚的要求,也远远达不到切实防止碰撞事故发生的目的。目前,我国立法中有关碰撞事故刑事责任的规定仅限于我国刑法第133条规定的交通肇事罪,而该罪直接应用在船舶碰撞事故中存在很大的技术障碍,目前尚没有专门的司法解释与其配套适用,导致实践中适用该罪的可操作性大打折扣。本文中“船舶”系指我国海商法第3条规定下的船舶,“船舶碰撞”仅限于两船之间发生的碰撞,且系因过失造成的船舶碰撞。笔者认为,追究海上船舶碰撞事故的刑事责任是很有必要的,也是切实可行的,这可以从统计数据、经验总结、法律依据、理论基础和可借鉴的实践案例等方面得到佐证。本文重点分析了海上交通肇事罪的犯罪构成以及在船舶碰撞事故中适用的困难和不足。该罪的犯罪客体是海上正常的航行秩序以及海洋环境的清洁,犯罪客观方面表现为行为人违反海上交通运输管理法规,因而发生重大交通事故,致人重伤、死亡或者导致重大的油污损害。该罪的犯罪主体是指具体从事海上交通运输业务,同保障交通安全有直接关系的人员,包括船长、船舶所有人、船舶经营人、船舶管理人、对船舶碰撞事故负有直接责任的船员、引航员等。犯罪的主观方面为过失。在海上的碰撞事故中直接适用我国刑法第133条的规定的难点问题集中表现在如何确定罪与非罪的界限以及在程序上如何兼容的问题。鉴于目前的实际情况,笔者建议,制定相关的司法解释,予以解决相关疑难问题,也可参考刑法规定的“重大飞行事故罪”制定“重大航行事故罪”。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of ship collision accidents has been increasing, and the severity has gradually increased. The majority of ship collisions are caused by human factors. The current law provides in detail the civil liability and administrative liability for the collision of ships at sea, but only by the two forms of punishment, civil liability and administrative liability. Not only is it often unable to satisfy the psychological comfort requirements of the aggrieved party, but it also falls far short of the objective of effectively preventing collision accidents. At present, The criminal liability of collision accident in the legislation of our country is limited to the traffic accident crime stipulated in Article 133 of the Criminal Law of our country, and there are great technical obstacles in the direct application of this crime in the ship collision accident. At present, there is no special judicial interpretation and its matching application, resulting in the practice of the applicability of the crime greatly reduced. In this paper, "ship" refers to a ship under Article 3 of the Maritime Law of China. The term "ship collision" is limited to the collision between two ships and is a collision caused by fault. It is necessary and feasible to investigate the criminal responsibility of collision accident of ships at sea, which can be proved from statistical data, experience summary, legal basis, theoretical basis and practical cases that can be used for reference. This paper focuses on the analysis of the criminal constitution of the crime of causing traffic accidents at sea and the difficulties and deficiencies applicable in the collision of ships. The object of the crime is the normal navigation order at sea and the cleanliness of the marine environment. The objective aspect of the crime is that the perpetrator violates the laws and regulations governing maritime traffic and transportation, resulting in a major traffic accident, causing serious injury, death or serious oil pollution damage. Persons directly related to the protection of traffic safety, including the master, the owner, the operator, the manager of the ship, and the crew members who are directly responsible for the collision accident, Pilot and so on. The subjective aspect of crime is negligence. In the collision accident at sea, the difficulty of directly applying the provisions of Article 133 of our criminal law lies in how to determine the boundary between crime and non-crime and how to compatible with each other in procedure. In view of the actual situation at present, the author suggests that the relevant judicial interpretation should be formulated to solve the related difficult problems, and that the crime of "major flight accident" should also be formulated with reference to the criminal law.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D924.3

【引证文献】