论船舶优先权的取得、转移和消灭

发布时间：2018-03-10 00:34

本文选题：船舶优先权　切入点：担保物权　出处：《山东大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 船舶优先权制度是海商法中重要的一项制度，虽然不是核心制度，但却是争议颇多的领域之一。国内很多学者对于船舶优先权的法律性质展开过激烈的争论，司法实践中，关于船舶优先权的取得、转移和消灭也有着巨大的争议。本人通过分析不同观点，在论证船舶优先权是一项法定担保物权的基础上，对船舶优先权制度的基本理论作一简单的概述，并针对船舶优先权的取得、转移和消灭制度进行探讨。全文除导言和结语外，共分四部分。第一章是关于船舶优先权的概述。从船舶优先权的起源和发展谈起，指出船舶优先权是一个舶来品，起源于古代的“船舶抵押贷款”的航海业惯例，接着对船舶优先权的特征及其标的进行简单论述，指出其具有秘密性、法定性、从属性等特征，同时对我国海商法的标的作一简单评价，认为船舶本身作为船舶优先权的标的，是符合当今世界立法趋势的。通过与大陆法系和英美法系的相关概念的比较分析，厘清我国的船舶优先权与各国法律体系相关概念的联系与区别，指出我国的船舶优先权应借鉴大陆法系关于优先权制度的体系的规定，使我国的优先权制度规定得更加规范。在本章中，指出了船舶优先权的法律性质是一项担保物权，并对我国的其它不同观点作简单介绍与评析。从第二章到第四章是论文的主要部分，重点论述船舶优先权的取得、转移和消灭。第二章论述船舶优先权的取得。指出船舶优先权随着其担保的特定海事债权的发生而发生，介绍了特定海事债权包括的项目及其效力顺序，并针对船舶优先权取得后对其他担保物权尤其对船舶抵押权的影响，指出两种建议即建立信息披露制度或者权利登记制度的各自的优劣，以信息披露制度更为可取。接着又介绍了船舶优先权取得的起算时间，基于船舶优先权随其担保的特定海事债权产生而产生的观点，针对实践中争议最多的几个特定海事债权，分析了各自的起算时间，指出《海商法》规定的过于简单，不利于减少实践中的分歧。第三章论述船舶优先权的转移，共分三个方面。先从我国的规定入手，介绍了转让和代位这两种方式；接着分别从大陆法系和英美法系国家的角度分析了船舶优先权的转移，指出两者在船舶优先权的代位方面的一致性，在转让方面的不同观点；然后，从国际公约的角度介绍了当今立法的最新趋势，指出我国在这方面是符合世界立法潮流的，但也有不足之处，如应该在海商法中明确规定法定代位。第四章论述船舶优先权的消灭，分别从法律的规定和其它方面的原因两大方面进行了阐述。关于法律的规定，主要是因行使期间届满而消灭、经法院强制出售而消灭、船舶灭失而消灭、船舶转让时的公告满60日不行使而消灭这四种情况，，除此还介绍了日本关于船舶起航而消灭的特殊规定。关于其他方面的原因，论述了因船舶优先权的行使、主债权的消灭、接受其他形式的担保等情况。
[Abstract]:The maritime lien system is an important system in maritime law, although not the core system, but it is one of the controversial fields. Many domestic scholars on the legal nature of maritime lien launched a fierce debate in the judicial practice, on maritime lien, transfer and elimination of great controversy. Through the analysis of different views, in the demonstration of the maritime lien is a legal basis for the security interests, make a brief overview of the basic theory of maritime lien, and according to the ship priority, transfer and elimination system are discussed.
Besides the introduction and conclusion, is divided into four parts. The first chapter is about the overview of maritime lien. From the origin and development of maritime lien question, pointed out that the ship priority is an exotic, originated from the ancient "ship mortgage" shipping practice, then the characteristics and standard of maritime lien the simple discussion, pointed out that it has the secret, legal attribute, from the characteristics of China's maritime law standard to make a simple evaluation, that the ship itself as the subject of maritime legislation, is in line with the trend of the world today. Through comparative analysis of related concepts of civil law and common law the relationship between maritime lien and clarify the national legal system concept in China, pointed out that China's maritime lien shall specify the continental law system concerning the right of priority, the priority of our country The system is more standardized. In this chapter, we point out that the legal nature of maritime liens is a security interest, and make a brief introduction and comment on other points of view in China.
From the second chapter to the fourth chapter is the main part of the thesis, made focuses on maritime lien, transfer and elimination. Second chapter of maritime lien. It is pointed out that the maritime lien and the maritime claims secured with a specific occurrence, introduces the specific maritime claims include the project and its effectiveness in order, and for the maritime lien is obtained on other security interests especially the impact on the mortgage of the ship, points out two suggestions namely the establishment of information disclosure system and registration system of rights of their respective advantages and disadvantages, the information disclosure system is more desirable. The starting time and then introduced the maritime lien made, have specific maritime lien with maritime claims guarantee the production based on the point of view, the controversial practice of several specific maritime claims the most, the starting time of the analysis, pointed out that "provisions of Maritime Law > is too simple, To reduce the difference in practice. The third chapter discusses the transfer of maritime lien, is divided into three aspects. First from the provisions of China's, introduced this assignment and subrogation in two ways; then from the civil law and common law countries, analyzed from the perspective of maritime lien transfer, pointing out their priority right in the ship's subrogation in terms of consistency, different views on the transfer; then, from the angle of International Convention and introduces the latest trend of current legislation, pointed out that our country is in line with the trend of world legislation in this area, but also has some shortcomings, such as should be clearly stipulated in the maritime law of subrogation. Destroy the fourth chapter discusses the maritime lien, separately from the provisions of the law and other aspects of the two main reasons are discussed. Provisions on the law, is mainly eliminated due to the expiration of the period of the exercise, the court forced sale and destroy, The loss of the ship and destroy the ship, when the transfer of the announcement 60 days extinguished in the four cases, in addition to the introduction of Japan on the ship set sail and destroy the special provisions. On other aspects, discusses the exercise of maritime lien, eliminate the principal creditor's right, accept other forms of security etc..

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D912.29

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