我国海上保险中船舶不适航除外责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 06:34

本文选题：海上保险　切入点：船舶适航　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海上保险是对因海上航行和其他相关海上活动中的保险事故所造成的损失进行赔偿的合同。①海上保险合同中都会存在这么一个条款，即保险人与被保险人约定，保险人对于特定的风险或事故不负责赔偿，这就是除外责任条款。在我国，不适航作为一种除外责任已在实践中广泛运用，但法律与实务之间却存在各种不一致之处，而法律本身也有需完善的地方。2009年中国人民保险公司对其海洋运输货物保险条款和船舶保险条款进行了修改，使实务中的保险条款更能符合行业的要求，更贴近国际发展的趋势。但是，《海商法》从1993年颁布以来尚未作出修改，难以适应航运与贸易快速发展的现实，，法律与实践的不一致不利于实务中保险人与被保险人权利义务关系的认定，也不利于我国海上保险条款的发展与广泛适用。进入21世纪，国际社会相继出台了各种海事规则，英国也相继修改了船舶保险条款和货物保险条款，对不适航除外责任制度的发展有很好的推动作用，我国的相关制度也应跟上时代的步伐。本文从四个方面展开论述，对我国不适航除外责任制度进行分析，结合国际海上保险中船舶适航制度的相关规定，为我国的制度设计提出几点建议，为我国保险、贸易和航运业的发展提供良好的法律环境。第一章从适航制度在海上保险中的历史说起，结合相关法典来展现适航制度的发展历程，引出当前海上保险中关于船舶适航的两大制度，即默示保证制度与除外责任制度。第二章通过对我国《海商法》、中国人民保险公司船舶保险条款、海洋货物运输保险条款等海上保险条款进行分析，从适用范围、客观方面、主观方面、因果关系和法律后果五个构成要件，分析探讨我国当前不适航除外责任的现状以及存在的问题，为下文提出修改建议提供依据，做到有的放矢。第三章将目光投向国际社会，对ISM规则、ISPS规则以及鹿特丹规则进行分析借鉴，从中获取对我国立法与实务发展的有益启示，同时也对英国的国际船舶保险条款和协会货物保险条款中不适航除外规定进行简单的分析，探寻其中的有益成分为我所用。第四章则是以对我国立法和实务现状为依据，在前人的研究成果和国外有益实践的基础上，对我国《海商法》的修改和保险条款的细化提出几点建议，希望实现法律与实务的统一，促进我国航运、贸易和保险业共同发展。
[Abstract]:Marine insurance is a contract in which the loss caused by an insurance accident caused by maritime navigation and other related marine activities is compensated. There is such a clause in the marine insurance contract that the insurer and the insured agree, The insurer is not liable for a particular risk or accident, which is the exclusion clause. In our country, airworthiness as an exception has been widely used in practice, but there are various inconsistencies between law and practice. The law itself also needs to be improved. In 2009, the people's Insurance Company of China amended its marine cargo insurance clauses and shipping insurance clauses to make the insurance clauses in practice more in line with the requirements of the industry. Closer to the trend of international development. However, since the promulgation of the Maritime Code in 1993, it has not been revised, so it is difficult to adapt to the rapid development of shipping and trade. The inconsistency between law and practice is not conducive to the identification of the relationship between the rights and obligations of the insurer and the insured in practice, and also to the development and wide application of the marine insurance clauses in China. In 21th century, the international community has issued various maritime rules one after another. Britain has also amended the clauses of ship insurance and cargo insurance one after another, which can promote the development of unseaworthy exception liability system, and the relevant systems of our country should keep up with the pace of the times. Based on the analysis of China's unseaworthy exclusion liability system, combined with the relevant provisions of the ship seaworthiness system in international marine insurance, some suggestions for the design of our country's system are put forward for our country's insurance. The development of trade and shipping provides a good legal environment. The first chapter starts from the history of seaworthiness system in marine insurance, combining the relevant codes to show the development of seaworthiness system, and leads to the current marine insurance on the ship seaworthiness two systems, namely, implied warranty system and exclusionary liability system. The second chapter analyzes the marine insurance provisions of China's Maritime Law, the Chinese people's Insurance Company's marine insurance clauses, and marine cargo transport insurance clauses, from the scope of application, objective aspects, subjective aspects, This paper analyzes and discusses the present situation and the existing problems of the non-seaworthiness liability in our country, and provides the basis for the following suggestions for revision, so as to aim at it. The third chapter focuses on the international community, analyzes and draws lessons from the ISM rules and Rotterdam rules, and obtains some useful enlightenment to the development of legislation and practice in China. At the same time, it also makes a brief analysis of the international ship insurance clauses and the unseaworthiness exception provisions of the cargo insurance clauses of the British Association, and explores the beneficial elements in the clauses to be used by me. Chapter 4th is based on the current situation of legislation and practice in our country, on the basis of the previous research results and beneficial practice abroad, it puts forward some suggestions on the revision of Maritime Law and the refinement of insurance clauses in China. We hope to realize the unification of law and practice and promote the common development of shipping, trade and insurance in China.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.284

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