关于无单放货问题的辨析研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 09:16

本文选题：无单放货　切入点：法律责任　出处：《中国海洋大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无单放货是目前海商法学界争论的热点问题。定义无单放货并区分提单在贸易运输中各个环节中的法律性质或功能，对于司法实践是非常有意义的，是解决无单放货问题的基础。提单在不同的领域内具有不同的功能：在信用证结算领域，提单具有担保物权功能；在贸易流通领域，提单具有物权功能或者说是所有权功能；在运输领域，提单所体现的是一种债的法律关系，是承运人据以交付货物的保证，不具有物权性。笔者根据无单放货行为具体实施者的不同，从承运人、承运人的代理人、其他相关人等角度出发，分析了各自应承担的法律责任，以求进一步明确无单放货的法律属性与本质特征。当承运人实施无单放货行为时，对提单持有人首先构成违约，并可能构成侵权，从而形成责任的竞合；实际承运人对其无单放货行为在某些情况下应承担法定责任；当承运人的代理人实施无单放货行为时，，对提单持有人可能构成侵权。认为承运人实施的无单放货行为对提单持有人构成了违约，并有可能对其构成侵权，因此往往形成违约责任和侵权责任的竞合；而承运人的代理人或其他人因为与提单持有人之间没有提单形成的权利义务关系，因此他的无单放货行为只能构成侵权行为。由此提出了应当根据不同情况分别定性的观点，并且针对这些情况分别提出了处理的意见。当提单持有人就无单放货向承运人、实际承运人及其代理人等提出索赔时，后者往往会提出各种抗辩，旨在摆脱其所面临的无单放货索赔的困境。本文通过对承运人等可能提出的各种抗辩理由的剖析，使大家重新审视无单放货这一法律问题。实践中，承运人、收货人、提单持有人等海上货物运输相关的当事人应如何避免因无单放货而带来的纠纷，如何采取预防措施，这是本文的最终目的。笔者从承运人、提单持有人的角度，对无单放货问题提出了相关的保护措施，并提出了相关的立法建议。
[Abstract]:It is very meaningful to define the legal nature or function of bill of lading in all aspects of trade transportation by defining non-bill of lading delivery without bill of lading, which is a hot issue in the maritime law field at present. Bill of lading has different functions in different fields: in the field of settlement of letters of credit, bill of lading has the function of security interest, in the field of trade circulation, the bill of lading has the function of real right or ownership; In the field of transportation, the bill of lading embodies a kind of legal relationship of debt, which is the guarantee for the carrier to deliver the goods, and has no real right. According to the differences of the specific perpetrators of the delivery of goods without documents, the author analyzes their respective legal responsibilities from the perspectives of the carrier, the carrier's agent, and other related parties. In order to further clarify the legal attributes and essential characteristics of the delivery of goods without bills of lading, when the carrier carries out the act of delivery without bill of lading, the holder of the bill of lading is first in breach of contract, and may constitute infringement, thus forming the concurrence of liability; The actual carrier shall be legally liable in certain circumstances for his discharge of goods without documentary evidence; when the carrier's agent commits the act of delivering the goods without a bill of lading, To the holder of the bill of lading may constitute an infringement. It is considered that the carrier's undocumented delivery of goods constitutes a breach of contract to the holder of the bill of lading, and may constitute an infringement of the bill of lading holder, so it often forms the concurrence between the liability for breach of contract and the liability for tort; Since the carrier's agent or other person does not have the right and obligation relationship between the bill of lading and the holder of the bill of lading, his undocumented delivery of goods can only constitute an act of tort. Therefore, the viewpoint that the carrier's agent or other person should be characterized separately according to different circumstances is put forward. And in view of these situations, respectively, put forward the views to deal with. When the holder of the bill of lading makes a claim against the carrier, the actual carrier and his agent for the delivery of the goods, the latter often raises a variety of defences, In order to get rid of the predicament of the claim without bill of lading, this paper analyzes the possible defense of the carrier and makes us re-examine the legal problem of the delivery of goods without bill of lading. In practice, the carrier, consignee, bill of lading and other related parties in the carriage of goods by sea should avoid disputes caused by the delivery of goods without bills of lading, and how to take preventive measures, which is the ultimate purpose of this paper. From the point of view of the holder of bill of lading, this paper puts forward some relevant protection measures and relevant legislative suggestions on the issue of undocumented delivery.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】