保险法上近因原则的研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 08:00

本文选题：近因原则　切入点：适用规则　出处：《湖南师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 近因原则作为保险法上的一项基本原则,其在保险理赔中的重要作用是不言而喻的。该原则始于海上保险,发展至今已适用于所有的保险业务领域,成为了国际保险理赔中的惯例。本文以近因原则为研究对象,试图对其加以系统地归纳、探究和分析。所谓近因原则,是指保险人对以承保危险为近因的损失承担赔付责任,对承保危险非近因所造成的损失不承担赔付责任。与民法上因果关系不同,近因原则具有侧重责任成立上的因果关系、探求近因惟一性等特征。对于促进保险市场的成熟、保障保险业的健康发展,近因原则可谓功不可没。在英美法系国家中,法官一般采用“常识标准”判断近因,并且在多年审判实践的基础上,法官归纳出不同情形下近因原则的具体运用规则,使抽象的原则具体化。当对近因的认定产生分歧时,法院通常采用“证明责任转移”规则使保险人承担主要的证明责任。“比例因果关系理论”、“分摊原则”、“合理诿因原则”是近因原则的新理念,这些新理念能解决传统近因原则所带来的弊端,较好地平衡保险各方当事人之间的利益,实现最大程度的共赢。我国新修订的《保险法》和《海商法》均未规定近因原则,这非常不利于我国保险业的健康发展。对各国近因原则的立法和判例进行梳理、分析、总结,可以为我国保险领域确立近因原则提供借鉴。具体而言,我国的近因原则可以从以下几个方面进行明确:立法上明确规定近因原则;司法解释中具体说明适用规则;认定标准上采用常识标准;明确举证责任;保险人保单中进行适当说明。
[Abstract]:As a basic principle in insurance law, the principle of proximate cause plays an important role in the settlement of insurance claims. This paper takes the principle of proximal cause as the object of study, and tries to systematically summarize, explore and analyze it. The so-called principle of proximate cause means that the insurer bears indemnity liability for losses due to the risk insured as a proximate cause, and does not bear the liability for losses caused by the non-proximate causes of underwriting risks. It is different from the causality in civil law. The principle of proximate cause has the characteristics of focusing on the causality of the establishment of responsibility and seeking the uniqueness of proximate cause. It can be said that the principle of proximate cause can not be ignored in promoting the maturity of the insurance market and ensuring the healthy development of the insurance industry. Judges generally use the "common sense standard" to judge the proximate cause, and on the basis of many years of trial practice, the judge induces the concrete application rules of the principle of proximate cause under different circumstances, which concretely makes the abstract principle concrete. The law of "transfer of burden of proof" is usually adopted by the court to make the insurer bear the primary burden of proof. "the theory of proportional causality", "the principle of allocation" and "the principle of reasonable prevarication" are the new concepts of the principle of proximate cause. These new ideas can solve the disadvantages brought by the traditional principle of proximal cause, balance the interests of the parties involved in insurance, and realize the maximum win-win situation. Neither the newly revised Insurance Law nor the Maritime Law provides for the principle of proximate cause, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the insurance industry in China. It can provide reference for establishing the principle of proximate cause in the field of insurance in our country. Specifically, the principle of proximate cause in our country can be clarified from the following aspects: the principle of proximate cause is clearly stipulated in legislation, the applicable rules are specified in the judicial interpretation; Common sense standard is adopted in determining standard; clear burden of proof; appropriate explanation in insurer's policy.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D922.284

【引证文献】