关于构建港口经营人责任限制制度之探讨

发布时间：2018-03-28 03:05

  本文选题：港口经营人　切入点：责任限制　出处：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着海上货物运输向陆地的延伸,港口这个海上货物运输的重要枢纽得到了长足发展,与此相伴是日益增长的港口作业纠纷。而综观我国目前的港口以及运输法律、法规,对港口经营人责任制度的规定仍存在很大的空白。与此同时,我国在司法实践中也缺乏对港口经营人法律地位的统一认定,因此港口经营人在我国现有法律体系下能否享有责任限制权利,仍存在很大的不确定性。 虽然目前国际层面专门规范港口经营人赔偿责任制度的公约尚未生效,但通过考察国际海上货物运输公约对“喜马拉雅条款”以及“实际承运人”、“海运履约方”责任主体制度的发展,我们可以清晰地看到国际社会授予港口经营人责任限制制度的大趋势。笔者认为,赋予港口经营人责任限制权利不仅是大势所趋,更是必要之举。 本文试通过分析目前国际公约以及典型国家国内立法授予港口经营人责任限制的三种模式,同时结合我国法律体系的实际情况以及港口经营人的法律地位来探讨在我国建立港口经营人责任限制制度的模式。笔者认为通过专门立法授予港口经营人责任限制权利虽然最理想,但短期内在我国并不可行。而讨论港口经营人的责任限制问题,最根本的还是要对港口经营人的法律地位作出科学认定。笔者认为“实际承运人”与“海运履约方”这两个责任主体概念都仅涉及受承运人委托的那部分港口经营人,并不全面。同时依照我国的法律规定和原则,港口经营人不属于承运人的受雇人和代理人,而属于独立合同人。我国宜参照台湾《海商法》的规定,采用灵活的方式将法定“喜马拉雅条款”扩大化,使得作为独立合同人的港口经营人同样能援引责任限制。 最后,本文的最后一章对港口经营人责任期间、港口经营人责任限额的确定、港口经营人丧失责任限制的情况予以分析,试图提出一些构建港口经营人责任限制制度中细节问题的意见。
[Abstract]:With the extension of sea cargo transportation to land, port, as an important hub of sea cargo transportation, has been greatly developed, which is accompanied by increasing port operation disputes. There is still a big gap in the regulation of the liability system of port operators. At the same time, there is also a lack of unified recognition of the legal status of port operators in our judicial practice. Therefore, there is still a lot of uncertainty as to whether the port operator can enjoy the rights of limitation of liability under the existing legal system of our country. Although the current international conventions regulating the liability of port operators at the international level have not yet entered into force, However, by examining the development of the "Himalayan clause" and the "actual carrier" of the Convention on the International Carriage of goods by Sea, the "maritime performing party" liability subject system has been developed. We can clearly see the general trend of the system of limitation of liability granted by the international community to port operators. The author thinks that it is not only the trend of the times but also the necessity to grant the limited rights to the liability of port operators. This paper tries to analyze the three models of the limitation of the liability of the port operators granted by the international conventions and the domestic legislation of the typical countries. At the same time, combined with the actual situation of our country's legal system and the legal status of the port operator, this paper discusses the mode of establishing the limitation system of the liability of the port operator in our country. The author thinks that the limitation of the liability of the port operator can be granted by special legislation. Although the system of rights is ideal, But it is not feasible in our country in the short term. The author thinks that the concepts of "actual carrier" and "maritime performing party" are only concerned with the part of port operator entrusted by the carrier. At the same time, in accordance with the laws and principles of our country, port operators are not servants and agents of the carrier, but independent contractors. China should refer to the provisions of Taiwan's Maritime Law. The statutory Himalayan clause was expanded in a flexible manner so that the port operator as an independent contractor could also invoke the limitation of liability. Finally, in the last chapter of this paper, the determination of the limitation of the liability of the port operator and the loss of the limitation of the liability of the port operator during the period of the responsibility of the port operator are analyzed. This paper tries to put forward some opinions on the details of establishing the liability limitation system of port operators.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.294

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