论海上保险委付制度

发布时间：2018-04-27 19:55

本文选题：海上 + 保险　；参考：《中国政法大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文的基本思路是以我国现行海上保险委付制度的立法现状为出发点,以民商法基本理论为立足点,结合海内外的最新研究成果,综合运用法学、保险学的研究方法,重点考察该项制度的基本理论、法律性质、行使规则和法律效力,从而探求完善我国海上保险委付制度的选择与途径。全文共分五个部分。第一部分着重阐释保险委付制度的概念、理论基础与制度价值,奠定理论基调,总领全文。从保险委付的源起与概念入手,层层深入地剖析了海上保险委付制度的理论基础与制度价值,指出其保险学基础为保险损失补偿原则,民法学基础为意思自治原则及其限制,并从保障被保险人利益、发挥物之效用、促进保险业发展三个角度阐释了它的制度价值。本部分最后将保险委付制度与保险代位求偿制度进行了比较,以进一步明确保险委付制度的内涵。第二部分至第四部分是全文的主体,其中第二部分承上启下,既是第一部分对于海上保险委付制度理论阐释的延续,更是进入第三、四部分对于海上保险委付的行使及其法律效力进行实证分析的前提。第二部分重点阐明,委付行为的法律性质是被保险人所实施的单方民事行为,该行为在德日法律中为被保险人实施的单方法律行为,在英美和我国法律中则为被保险人为订立委付合同所发出的要约。在第三部分,笔者结合国内外立法与实务研究,对作为海上保险委付行使基本前提的推定全损制度的特征、限制条件及其认定等基本问题进行了系统地分析,紧接着重点阐述了本部分的核心内容——委付行使的基本条件,来解决委付行使中的基本问题以及在此过程中各方关系人的利益冲突与平衡,最后分析被保险人在委付行使过程中的施救义务这一重要而极具现实性的问题。第四部分全面探讨了海上保险委付的法律效力问题。在阐明保险人对于委付的接受之后,重点阐释了海上保险委付有效行使后保险标的的全部权利义务转移及全损保险金的赔偿两大基本效力,并进一步在委付的法律效力框架下探讨了海上保险委付与提前解约权的冲突与协调,以期对实务问题的解决有所裨益。第五部分作为全文的总结,集中从委付的概念、委付通知的期限、委付合同的成立及其形式、保险人沉默的法律后果、委付合同未成立情形下保险标的权利的归属五个方面提出了明确具体的立法建议,从而收拢笔锋,总结全文。
[Abstract]:The basic idea of this paper is to take the current legislative situation of marine insurance abandonment system as the starting point, the basic theory of civil and commercial law as the foothold, combined with the latest research results at home and abroad, the comprehensive use of law, insurance research methods. The basic theory, the nature of law, the rules of exercise and the legal effect of the system are investigated in order to explore the choice and ways to perfect the abandonment system of marine insurance in China. The full text is divided into five parts. The first part mainly explains the concept, the theoretical basis and the system value of the insurance abandonment system. Starting with the origin and concept of insurance abandonment, this paper analyzes deeply the theoretical basis and system value of marine insurance abandonment system, and points out that the basis of insurance science is the principle of insurance loss compensation, and the civil law foundation is the principle of autonomy of will and its limitations. The system value of the insurance industry is explained from three aspects: protecting the insurant's interests, exerting the utility of the property and promoting the development of the insurance industry. Finally, this part compares the insurance abandonment system with the insurance subrogation system in order to further clarify the connotation of the insurance subrogation system. The second part to the fourth part is the main body of the full text. The second part is the continuation of the theoretical interpretation of the marine insurance abandonment system in the first part, and the third part. The fourth part is the premise of empirical analysis on the exercise and legal effect of marine insurance abandonment. The second part emphasizes that the legal nature of the act of abandonment is the unilateral civil act carried out by the insured, and the act is unilateral legal act carried out for the insured in the law of Germany and Japan. In Anglo-American and Chinese law, an offer is made by the insured to enter into a contract of abandonment. In the third part, combined with the domestic and international legislation and practice research, the author systematically analyzes the characteristics, restriction conditions and its determination of the system of the presumption total loss, which is the basic premise of the exercise of marine insurance abandonment. Then, it focuses on the core content of this part-the basic conditions of the abandonment, to solve the basic problems in the exercise of the abandonment and the conflict and balance of the interests of the parties involved in the process. Finally, this paper analyzes the important and realistic problem of the insurant's obligation to rescue in the process of abandonment. The fourth part comprehensively discusses the legal effect of marine insurance abandonment. After clarifying the acceptance of abandonment by the insurer, the author emphasizes the two basic effects of the transfer of all rights and obligations of the subject matter of insurance after the effective exercise of the abandonment and the compensation of the total loss of insurance. Furthermore, under the framework of the legal effect of abandonment, this paper discusses the conflict and coordination between the right of abandonment of marine insurance and the right of early termination, in order to be of benefit to the solution of practical problems. The fifth part, as a summary of the full text, focuses on the concept of abandonment, the period of notice of abandonment, the formation and form of the contract, the legal consequences of the insurer's silence. In this paper, the author puts forward specific legislative suggestions on the ownership of the subject matter of insurance under the situation that the contract is not established, so as to draw the pen together and sum up the full text.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.284;D922.294

【引证文献】