论海上货物运输中的货物控制权

发布时间：2018-05-01 15:37

本文选题：货物控制权 + 《鹿特丹规则》　；参考：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：联合国大会于2008年12月11日通过了《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》,即《鹿特丹规则》。与以往的海上货物运输中的三大公约即《海牙规则》、《维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》相比,《鹿特丹规则》创设了一些新的概念和制度,货物控制权的有关内容就是其中之一。它是运输法中的一项重要权利,《鹿特丹规则》对其进行了系统而完整的规定。对这一权利进行研究,颇具价值。除引言和结论之外,本文将从以下四个部分,对海上货物运输中的货物控制权进行研究和探讨: 第一部分:对货物控制权的界定。在本部分中,笔者将对海上货物运输中货物控制权的涵义加以界定。在海上货物运输领域,国际海事委员会的两个民间规则对海运单项下以及电子提单项下的货物控制权进行了规定;在国际航空、铁路、公路货物运输领域,也有相关的国际公约对货物处置权的问题加以规定。通过对这些民间规则和国际公约的对比分析可知,其他运输领域中的货物处置权与海上货物运输中的货物控制权在权利内涵上是相同的,并由此对其涵义进行了界定,为下文展开分析论证做好铺垫。第二部分:货物控制权的产生原因和现有立法解决相关问题的模式及缺陷。在本部分中,笔者将分析货物控制权的产生原因,即主要是为了保护贸易当事人的利益,但是如何构建相关规则才能既使贸易当事人的权益得到保障,又不会使承运人进行运输领域之外的价值判断,这是在运输法中需要解决的问题。为解决这一问题,国内法、国际公约、民间规则都有各自的方式,笔者通过对英国法、美国法、《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》、德国法、国际海事委员会的规则分别进行分析和评价,来揭示在这些立法之下的解决办法和存在的问题。第三部分:《鹿特丹规则》项下货物控制权的规则构造。在本部分中,笔者将结合《鹿特丹规则》中的具体条文,对货物控制权的规则构造加以剖析,主要包括货物控制权的权利内容、存续期间、权利主体、义务主体、行使规则和转让问题。通过对这些问题的分析和探讨,阐明《鹿特丹规则》在这一问题上的合理性和完善性,而这也是与第二部分中其他的解决模式相比所具有的优越性,能够更好地解决问题。第四部分:我国在海上货物运输中货物控制权的立法。在本部分中,笔者首先对我国现行立法中有关货物控制权的规定进行了梳理,指出现有立法所存在的不足;其次,笔者分析了在我国对货物控制权以立法方式加以完善的必要性和可行性,认为我国《海商法》的修改是对货物控制权做出系统、完整规定的良好契机;最后,在前文分析了《鹿特丹规则》解决问题的优越性的基础之上,笔者认为,通过借鉴《鹿特丹规则》中的合理之处,结合中国现有立法,并考虑海上货物运输的特性,在相关原则和内容的指引之下,为我国立法的完善提出了相应的建议条文。
[Abstract]:The United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Carriage of goods wholly or partly by Sea on December 11, 2008, namely the Rotterdam rules. Compared with the previous three conventions in the carriage of goods by sea, namely, the Hague rules, the Visby rules and the Hamburg rules, the Rotterdam rules have created some new concepts and systems, among which the relevant contents of the right of control of goods are one of them. It is an important right in transport law, which is regulated systematically and completely by the Rotterdam rules. It is valuable to study this right. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper will study and explore the right of control of goods in the carriage of goods by sea from the following four parts: The first part: the definition of the right of control of the goods. In this part, I will define the meaning of the right of control in the carriage of goods by sea. In the area of carriage of goods by sea, two civil rules of the International Maritime Committee regulate the right of control of goods under individual maritime and electronic bills of lading; in the field of international air, rail and road transport of goods, There are also relevant international conventions on the right to dispose of goods. Through the comparative analysis of these folk rules and international conventions, it can be seen that the right to dispose of goods in other transport fields is the same as the right of control of goods in the carriage of goods by sea, and the meaning is defined accordingly. For the following analysis and demonstration to do a good job. The second part: the causes of the right of control of goods and the models and defects of existing legislation to solve the related problems. In this part, the author will analyze the causes of the right of control of goods, that is, mainly to protect the interests of trade parties, but how to build relevant rules to protect the rights and interests of trade parties, The carrier is not allowed to make value judgment outside the field of transport, which is a problem to be solved in transport law. In order to solve this problem, domestic law, international conventions and folk rules all have their own ways. The author adopts the British law, the United States law, the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods, German law, and the United Nations Convention on contracts for the International Sale of goods. The rules of CMI are analyzed and evaluated separately to reveal the solutions and problems under these legislations. Part III: the construction of the rules of control of goods under the Rotterdam rules. In this part, the author will combine the specific provisions of the Rotterdam rules to analyze the construction of the rules of control of goods, mainly including the content of the right of control of goods, the period of existence, the subject of rights, the subject of obligation, Exercise of rules and assignment Through the analysis and discussion of these problems, the rationality and perfection of Rotterdam rule on this problem are explained, which is the superiority compared with other solving modes in the second part, and it can solve the problem better. The fourth part: the legislation of the right of control in the carriage of goods by sea. In this part, the author firstly combs the provisions about the right of control of goods in the current legislation of our country, and points out the shortcomings of the existing legislation; secondly, The author analyzes the necessity and feasibility of perfecting the right of control of goods in our country by way of legislation, and thinks that the modification of maritime law of our country is a good opportunity to make a systematic and complete regulation on the right of control of goods. On the basis of analyzing the superiority of the Rotterdam rules in solving the problem, the author thinks that by referring to the reasonableness of the Rotterdam rules, combining with the existing legislation of China, and considering the characteristics of the carriage of goods by sea, Under the guidance of relevant principles and contents, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions for the perfection of our legislation.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

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