海上预约保险合同法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 20:29

本文选题：预约保险合同 + 保险责任期间　；参考：《复旦大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 海上预约保险合同起源于英国的浮动保险单,是一种长期的货物运输保险合同,其有着区别于一般保险合同的显著特点。我国的现行法中只有《海商法》的第231——233条对预约保险合同有粗略的规定,这就造成了实务中合同当事方对预约保险合同的性质认识不清、对彼此的权利义务把握不准等一系列问题,也给相关案件的司法审判造成了很大困难。本论文主体部分分为四章,对预约保险合同进行了全面的分析论述。第一章讨论了预约保险合同的定义和性质问题。在定义方面,通过分析中英两国的立法规定和学者观点,并比较了预约保险合同和浮动保险合同的异同点,从而得出预约保险合同的准确定义。在性质方面,本文比较分析了“预约合同说”和“总合同说”两种观点,提出预约保险合同在性质上应为总合同,而非预约合同。第二章讨论了预约保险合同的成立和生效问题。本文通过分析相关法律,并结合预约保险合同的性质,认为预约保险合同在现行法下是书面要式合同,预约保险单的签发和保险费的缴纳均不影响预约保险合同的成立。在合同生效方面,主要是对预约保险合同中的保险利益问题进行了阐述。第三章主要探讨预约保险合同的保险责任期间及与此相关的溯及力问题。本文根据预约保险合同的性质和海上货物运输保险的“仓至仓”条款,对预约保险合同保险人的保险责任“一经装运,自动启动”展开深入的分析。笔者对“预约保险合同的溯及力”观点予以重构,提出“分合同的溯及力”观点。对“货物出险后申报”这一特殊情形下的溯及力问题,本文区分了被保险人对事故知与不知两种情况进行论述。第四章着重分析了预约保险合同被保险人的通知(申报)义务,提出通知义务的核心在于充分申报,并阐述了理由及实践中的认定方法。本文认为:在法律属性上,这种通知义务应视为被保险人对保险人的一项“保证”;被保险人违反通知义务的法律后果应及于总的预约保险合同,但只影响违反通知义务后的各批货物。在分析相关会议纪要内容基础上,本文得出被保险人是否及时通知货物出险情况本身也会影响预约保险合同保险人责任的承担。
[Abstract]:Marine advance insurance contract originates from the floating insurance policy in England and is a kind of long-term cargo transport insurance contract, which is distinguished from general insurance contract. In the current law of our country, only articles 231-233 of "Maritime Law" have rough provisions on the contract of advance insurance, which results in the parties to the contract not knowing clearly the nature of the contract of appointment insurance in practice. A series of problems, such as uncertainty about each other's rights and obligations, have caused great difficulties to the judicial trial of related cases. The main part of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the definition and nature of the contract of appointment insurance. In terms of definition, by analyzing the legislative provisions and scholars' viewpoints of China and Britain, and comparing the similarities and differences between advance insurance contract and floating insurance contract, the accurate definition of reservation insurance contract is obtained. In terms of nature, this paper compares and analyzes the two viewpoints of "appointment contract theory" and "general contract theory", and puts forward that the reservation insurance contract should be a general contract, not an appointment contract in nature. The second chapter discusses the establishment and effectiveness of the contract of appointment insurance. By analyzing the relevant laws and combining the nature of the reservation insurance contract, this paper holds that the reservation insurance contract is a written contract under the current law, and the signing of the reservation insurance policy and the payment of the insurance premium do not affect the establishment of the reservation insurance contract. In the aspect of contract effect, it mainly expounds the insurance interest in the contract of advance insurance. The third chapter mainly discusses the period of insurance liability and the retroactive effect. According to the nature of advance insurance contract and the "warehouse to warehouse" clause of marine cargo transportation insurance, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the insurer's insurance liability "once shipped, automatically started". The author reconstructs the viewpoint of retroactive effect of precontract insurance contract and puts forward the viewpoint of retroactive effect of sub-contract. In this paper, the retroactive effect of the special case of "declaration of goods after risk" is discussed, which distinguishes between the insured's knowledge of the accident and that of the insured. Chapter four focuses on the analysis of the obligation of notice (declaration) of the insured in the contract of appointment insurance, and puts forward that the core of the obligation of notification lies in the full declaration, and expounds the reasons and the methods of confirmation in practice. In this paper, the author holds that the obligation of notice should be regarded as a "guarantee" to the insurer by the insured, and the legal consequences of the breach of the obligation of notice by the insured should be extended to the general contract of appointment of insurance. However, it only affects the consignments after the breach of the obligation of notification. On the basis of analyzing the contents of the relevant meeting minutes, this paper draws a conclusion that whether the insured notifies the goods out of danger in time will also affect the liability of the insurer in the contract of appointment insurance.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.284

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