公司瑕疵设立法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 01:40

本文选题：公司瑕疵设立 + 表现形态　；参考：《湘潭大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 公司瑕疵设立，是指公司虽已成立并取得营业执照，但因其在设立过程中存在违反法律规定的瑕疵，从而使其业已取得的法律人格处于不稳定状态的设立行为。它集中体现为：在形式上公司已通过登记取得法人执照，即已对社会公示合法有效，在实质上公司并不具备公司所应具备的合法内核。公司瑕疵设立会对公司法律人格产生直接影响，公司可能因此丧失法律人格，并极可能在社会中产生一系列的消极后果，如公司出资额不实，使债权人的债权得不到保障，交易安全受到破坏；公司被撤销，导致公司设立目的无法实现，造成社会资源浪费，等等。然而，我国公司法对其关注不够，导致规范不力，无法达到运用法律规范的行为模式形成新的社会秩序的目的。因此，从法理和法律规范的角度对公司瑕疵设立调整问题进行深入研究，就具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文的探讨除引言与结语外分为四大部分：第一部分对公司瑕疵设立进行了全面界定。首先，从公司瑕疵设立现象入手，通过对相关学者所提出的概念进行分析，总结出公司瑕疵设立的概念，并通过对概念的分析，揭示出公司瑕疵设立的三个特征。其次，通过相关概念的比较，深刻地阐述公司瑕疵设立的独特内涵。第二部分对公司瑕疵设立的表现形式进行了类型化分析，即归纳为表现形态进行研究。首先对公司合法成立所须满足的要件进行分析，指出公司设立行为既要符合民事法律行为的一般条件，又要符合公司法规定的特殊要件。其次，根据瑕疵的性质与特点，，对公司瑕疵设立的表现形态进行分类总结，将公司瑕疵设立的表现形态分为下列类型：公司设立目的违法和违反公共秩序瑕疵、设立人不适格瑕疵、设立人意思表示瑕疵、资本额不实瑕疵、公司章程瑕疵、公司组织要件瑕疵和公司设立程序瑕疵。第三部分全面论述了公司瑕疵设立的法律后果。首先，运用比较的方法探讨了英美法系和大陆法系国家或地区关于瑕疵设立的不同处理模式，指出对设立瑕疵公司有条件的承认与有条件的否认是两大法系的共同选择。其次，针对我国公司瑕疵设立法律规制中最欠缺的民事责任承担制度进行分析讨论，在区分公司瑕疵设立瑕疵补正和公司瑕疵设立被撤销或宣告无效两种情况下，完善民事责任承担制度。第四部分在第三部分对两大法系处理模式的分析的基础上，检讨并反思了我国法相关规定的特点与不足，提出了完善的切入点和思路，目标是构建我国高效、统一的公司瑕疵设立法律制度。首先，对我国公司瑕疵设立法律规制进行评述。在分析2005年《公司法》的修改给公司瑕疵设立规制带来的影响后，总结出我国对瑕疵设立公司的处理模式，并指出其不足；其次，提出完善我国公司瑕疵设立法律规制的构想。1、在公司瑕疵设立的处理模式上，基于全面保护股东及债权人利益，兼顾效率与安全理念，根据我国国情，应选择原则上否认法人人格的处理模式；2、在具体规制措施方面，提出统一由《公司法》进行规范，确定瑕疵设立公司的瑕疵范围，完善公司瑕疵设立行政撤销制度，建立公司瑕疵设立诉讼宣告无效制度，完善公司设立瑕疵补正制度以及民事责任承担制度。
[Abstract]:The establishment of the company ' s flaw lies in the fact that the company has been established and has obtained the business license , but because of its existence in the process of establishing a legal person ' s license , that is , it has obtained legal personality in an unstable state . It is embodied as : in the form that the company has obtained the legal person ' s license through registration , that is , the company does not have the legal inner core that the company should possess .
The company has been revoked , leading to the failure of the establishment of the company , causing the waste of social resources , and so on . However , the company law of our country has not enough attention to it , which can not achieve the purpose of applying the legal norm to form a new social order . Therefore , it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the establishment and adjustment of the company flaw from the perspective of legal and legal norms .

The discussion of this paper is divided into four parts except introduction and conclusion :

The first part defines the establishment of the company ' s flaw . First , through analyzing the concept of the company ' s flaw , the paper sums up the concept of the company ' s flaw , and through the analysis of the concept , reveals the three characteristics of the company ' s flaw . Secondly , through the comparison of the relevant concepts , the unique connotation of the company ' s flaw is expounded profoundly .

Secondly , according to the nature and characteristics of the flaw , it points out that the establishment of the company is not only in conformity with the general condition of civil law , but also the special requirement stipulated in the company law . Secondly , according to the nature and characteristics of the flaw , the company has set up the object of law and violates the public order flaw , set up the person ' s disfigurement , the establishment of the person means the flaw , the capital is not real flaw , the company ' s articles of association flaw , the company ' s organizational elements flaw and the company establish procedural flaws .

The third part comprehensively discusses the legal consequences of the establishment of the company flaw . First , the different treatment modes of the establishment of the flaw in the Anglo - American law system and the continental law system are discussed by the comparison method . It is pointed out that the recognition and conditional denial of the conditions for the establishment of the defective company is the common choice of the two legal systems .

The fourth part , on the basis of the analysis of the treatment modes of the two common law systems in the third part , reviews and reflects the features and disadvantages of the relevant provisions of our country law , and puts forward the perfect entry points and ideas . The aim is to set up the legal system for the establishment of China ' s high - efficiency and unified company flaws . First , the author comments on the establishment of legal regulation for the defects of our company .
Secondly , put forward the idea of perfecting the legal regulation of the company flaw in our country . 1 . Based on the comprehensive protection of shareholder and creditor ' s interests and the efficiency and security concept based on the comprehensive protection of shareholder and creditor ' s interests , according to the national conditions of our country , we should choose to deny the treatment mode of legal personality in principle .
2 . In terms of the specific regulation measures , the author puts forward the unification of the Company Law Firm to regulate the defects of the company , establish the defect scope of the company , perfect the administrative revocation system of the company ' s defects , establish the invalid system for the establishment of the company ' s defects , and perfect the company ' s establishment of the defect compensation system and the liability system of civil liability .

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D912.29

【引证文献】