我国进出口货运险市场发展困境研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 13:22

本文选题：进出口货运保险 + 交易成本　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类的长期航海实践中,形成了由多数人分摊海上不可预测风险事故导致损失的方式——海上保险。海上保险,不仅从侧面记录了人类悠长的历史发展,也为人类的海上贸易保驾护航。在促进其发展的同时也对现代对外贸易事业的发展起到强有力的推动作用。就中国而言,改革开放的政策促进了对外贸易的发展。我国提出以经济建设为中心、创建外向型经济体系、以出口拉动内需的基本国家政策和经济方针。由此,我国的海上保险业务的发展处于了非常良好的政策与经济环境之中。进出口货运险就是在这样良好的环境中,为我国对外贸易事业的扩大提供强有力的保险保障。随着改革开放的步伐,从80年代开始,我国的对外贸易开始逐步发展起来。1978年改革开放正式拉开序幕,我国的对外贸易主要是以扩大出口为主,以出口创汇为指导目标。30多年来,我国充分发挥廉价劳动力的优势,通过贸易粗加工,增加劳动密集性产品等方式,大大扩大了出口贸易。在获得大量外汇收入的同时,也促进了我国产业的升级和科学技术的进步。 1978年,我国对外开放的第一年,对外贸易进出口总额为206.4亿美元,在全世界贸易比重中不到1%。此后,由于中国经济体制改革的不断深化,特别是对外贸易体制的不断改革,促使我国外贸步伐逐年加快。我国的货物进出口总额从1980年的381.4亿美元发展到2009年的22075.4亿美元,平均年增长率为17.62%。根据中国国家统计局报告显示,2009年中国货物进出口总额达到22075.4亿美元,占全世界进出口总额的比重达到了8.79%,世界排名跃居第二位,仅次于美国。无可否认的是,中国的国际贸易对中国的经济增长起到了强劲的拉动作用。从上个世纪80年代到90年代中期,随着我国对外贸易的不断发展,我国的进出口货运险的发展速度也是较快的。在当时的进出口贸易业务中,有70%-80%的进出口贸易的货运保险是选择在国内的保险公司投保的。但是从90年代中后期开始,虽然我国的对外贸易在高速的发展,贸易规模在不断的扩大,无论是航运、空运还是铁路运输都有了长足的发展,但是我国的进出口货运保险却没有出现理应或者是预计的良好发展势头。从中国统计年鉴上可以看出,我国进出口货运险的保险费收入在整个财产保险的保险费收入比重逐年下降,进出口货运险保费收入占财产保险保费收入比重从2000年的5.9%下降到2009年的2%。这在总体经济趋势良好,整个保险业如此欣欣向荣的时代里,是一件非常让人值得思考和反思的问题。我们不禁要问：为何在发展态势如此之好的对外进出口贸易环境下,我国的进出口货运险却有着如此的困境和问题? 当然,投保人或者保源群体的流失是这一问题的直接原因。但是,我们应该看清背后的根本或者导致这一结果的最真实的原因是什么,是险种相关条款不够完善,还是经营市场的非管理化和规范化,还是人才储备和培养跟不上发展的脚步等等。这直接流失的背后究竟是什么样的原因,造成了现在我国进出口货运险市场的困境,这是需要我们深入研究探讨的。本文的研究思路是,通过对进出口货运险的现状了解入手,通过相关性分析,对比进出口货运市场与对外贸易的发展状况,发现两者相关性明显,但发展明显没有跟随对外贸易高速发展的步伐。发现进出口货运险市场的发展困境之后,从保险交易为切入点,通过分解需求方和供给方的交易成本,结合交易过程的博弈模型进行分析,发现困境的影响因素。最后提出解决建议。第一部分,通过文字的描述,对进出口货运险的历史发展、险种特点以及我国现在的状况进行描述。然后对我国学者对进出口货运险发展困境的研究文献进行总结归纳,以了解现在的研究状态。由于本文后半段运用了交易成本为分析基础,所以也对交易成本的发展以及在保险中的运用进行简要的整理归纳。第二部分,通过实证分析对进出口货运险市场的发展困境进行分析。首先详细的阐述我国对外贸易和进出口货运险的发展状况,然后通过统计学分析,以两者发展的明显相关性以及发展的不一致性为切入口,提出我国进出口货运险市场发展的困境。第三部分,以保险合同的签订时交易的过程为前提,对保险的需求方和供给方都进行交易性分析。在此基础之上,利用博弈模型进行静态博弈和动态博弈分析,进一步剖析困境背后的原因。第四部分,以促进交易的达成为出发点,从需求方和供给方出发,通过控制交易成本,为进出口货运险市场的发展困境提出解决建议。本文的创新之处在于将研究的目光放在与我国宏观经济相关的进出口货物运输保险行业,从经济学中的交易成本概念入手,加以博弈论分析方法对保险交易的决策进行分析,最终为进出口货运险市场的发展提出建议。本文的不足之处在于,相关的数据支撑较少,因此实证研究方面得到的结论不够深入。另外,我国的文献中,关于进出口货运保险的研究资料多偏于国际商法或者保险利益等方面,实际研究市场发展的文献较少。因此笔者可能在理论深度和细致度方面有所欠缺。
[Abstract]:In the long term practice of human navigation, the way that most people apportion the loss of unpredictable risk accidents at sea - marine insurance. Marine insurance, not only has recorded the long history of human history, but also escorts human maritime trade from the side. It also promotes the development of the modern foreign trade. It plays a powerful role in promoting.
As far as China is concerned, the policy of reform and opening up has promoted the development of foreign trade. Our country puts forward the basic national policy and economic policy which takes the economic construction as the center to create an export-oriented economic system, so as to export the domestic demand. Therefore, the development of our maritime insurance business is in a very good policy and economic environment. Transportation insurance is to provide a strong insurance guarantee for the expansion of China's foreign trade in such a favorable environment.
With the pace of reform and opening up, since 80s, China's foreign trade has been gradually developed in the.1978 reform and opening up. China's foreign trade is mainly based on the expansion of export and the goal of exporting foreign exchange as the guiding target.30 for many years. China has made full use of the advantages of cheap labor and increased labor through trade rough processing. The way of moving intensive products has greatly expanded the export trade. While obtaining a large amount of foreign exchange income, it also promoted the upgrading of China's industry and the progress of science and technology.
In 1978, the first year of China's opening to the outside world, the total import and export of foreign trade was 20 billion 640 million US dollars, which was less than 1%. in the world trade proportion. Since the continuous deepening of the reform of China's economic system, especially the continuous reform of the foreign trade system, the pace of foreign trade has been accelerated every year. The total import and export of goods in China is from 381 in 1980. The.4 billion US dollars developed to US $2 trillion and 207 billion 540 million in 2009. The average annual growth rate of 17.62%., according to the China National Bureau of statistics, shows that the total import and export of China's goods reached $2 trillion and 207 billion 540 million in 2009, accounting for 8.79% of the world's total import and export, ranking second in the world ranking only after the United States. Undeniably, China's country International trade has played a strong role in boosting China's economic growth.
From the 80s to the mid 90s of last century, with the continuous development of China's foreign trade, China's import and export cargo insurance has also developed rapidly. In the import and export trade of the time, the cargo insurance of 70%-80%'s import and export trade was selected in the domestic insurance company. But it began in the late 90s, although it was in the middle and late 90s. However, China's foreign trade is developing at a high speed, and the scale of trade is expanding. Both shipping, air and railway transportation have made great progress. However, China's import and export cargo insurance has not been expected or expected. The proportion of the income of insurance premium in the insurance premium of the whole property is declining year by year. The proportion of the import and export cargo insurance premiums has fallen from 5.9% in 2000 to 2%. in 2009, which is good in the overall economic trend. In the era of so flourishing the whole insurance industry, it is a very worthwhile consideration and reflection. Question. We can not help asking: Why are there such difficulties and problems in China's import and export cargo insurance in the environment of such good foreign import and export trade?
Of course, the loss of the insured or the source of the insured group is the direct cause of this problem. However, we should see what is the root or the most true cause of the result, the imperfect clauses of the insurance, the non management and standardization of the market, or the foot of talent reserve and development. Steps and so on. What is the reason behind this direct loss, which has caused the plight of China's import and export cargo insurance market, which needs to be studied in depth.
The research ideas of this paper are, through the understanding of the status of the import and export cargo insurance, through the correlation analysis, comparing the import and export market and the development of foreign trade, found that the relationship between the two is obvious, but the development has not followed the pace of the rapid development of foreign trade. The insurance transaction is the breakthrough point. Through the analysis of the transaction cost of the demand side and the supplier and the game model of the transaction process, the influence factors of the predicament are found. Finally, the solutions are put forward.
The first part, through the description of the text, describes the historical development of the import and export cargo insurance, the characteristics of the insurance and the present situation in our country. Then, it summarizes the literature of the research on the difficulties of the development of import and export cargo insurance in our country, in order to understand the status of the present research. Therefore, we also briefly summarize and summarize the development of transaction costs and the use of insurance.
The second part, through the empirical analysis of the import and export cargo risk market development dilemma analysis. First of all, elaborate the development of China's foreign trade and import and export cargo insurance, and then through statistical analysis, with the obvious correlation between the two development and the inconsistency of development as the entrance, the import and export cargo insurance market of China is put forward. The plight of development.
The third part, based on the premise of the process of signing the insurance contract at the time of signing the transaction, makes a transactional analysis on both the demand side and the supplier of the insurance. On this basis, the static game and dynamic game analysis are carried out by the game model, and the reasons behind the dilemma are further analyzed.
The fourth part, in order to promote the achievement of the transaction, set out from the demand side and the supplier, and put forward some suggestions for the development of the import and export cargo insurance market by controlling the transaction cost.
The innovation of this paper is to put the research on the import and export cargo transportation insurance industry related to our country's macro economy, start with the concept of transaction cost in economics, analyze the decision of insurance transaction by game theory, and finally make suggestions for the development of the import and export cargo insurance market.
The deficiency of this paper is that the relevant data support is less, so the conclusion of the empirical research is not enough. In addition, in the literature of our country, the research information about the import and export cargo insurance is mostly partial to the international commercial law or the insurance interest and so on, and the literature of the actual research on the market development is less. There is a lack of detail.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F752.6;F842.6

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