对完善我国船舶油污损害赔偿法律机制的探讨

发布时间：2018-06-07 03:31

本文选题：船舶 + 油污　；参考：《大连海事大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是一个航运大国和海洋大国,拥有辽阔的海域和丰富的海洋资源,具有多样的海洋生态系统和生物物种,然而由于经济发展带来的各种污染,我国海洋生态环境保护形势不容乐观。海上运输特别是海上石油运输是造成污染的主要原因之一。2003年,我国石油进口列世界第二位。随着石油运输量的不断上升、油轮的大型化以及海上运输业的发展,因船舶油污造成海域污染的风险不断增大。船舶油污损害赔偿法律制度作为调整船舶关系的法律,兼有侵权行为法、环境资源法和海商法等多种法律特点,具有很强的国际性、专业性和特殊性。由于我国目前没有专门的船舶油污损害赔偿立法,使该领域的法律适用存在不统一和分歧, 不利于船舶油污事故的预防和救济,一旦发生大规模的油污事件,法律不健全的问题将更为突出。在现有船舶油污损害赔偿法律体制下,石油业货主不参与油污造成的损害赔偿的分担,不能充分体现公正衡平的立法要求,也不能充分保障对油污受害方的赔偿和清污工作的开展,不利于海洋生态环境的保护和可持续发展。因此,完善我国船舶污染损害赔偿法律制度已成为当务之急。本文将主要阐述船舶油污法律制度中的损害与赔偿问题,包括如何确定油污损害赔偿民事责任的制度以及完善油污损害赔偿的立法建议。文章分析了我国现行船舶油污损害赔偿法律体系及特点、有关船舶油污损害赔偿领域的国际公约和具有代表性的其他国家的立法方式,剖析了船舶油污这一海上环境侵权行为的责任与赔偿制度的特点,并结合我国国情,根据研究结果提出相应的立法建议。
[Abstract]:China is a big shipping country and a big sea country, with vast sea area and abundant marine resources. A variety of marine ecosystems and biological species. However, due to various kinds of pollution caused by economic development, marine life in China The situation of environmental protection is not optimistic. Sea transportation, especially oil transport, is the main cause of pollution In 2003, China's oil import ranked second in the world. With the increasing of oil transportation, oil tankers With the development of shipping industry, the risk of marine pollution caused by oil pollution is increasing. Ship The legal system of compensation for oil pollution damage in ships is the law of regulating the relationship between ships and the law of tort and environmental resources. Law and maritime law and other legal characteristics, with a strong international, professional and particularity. Because of the order of our country Prior to the absence of special legislation on compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, the application of the law in this field is inconsistent and divergent. The prevention and relief of oil pollution accidents on ships is not conducive to the occurrence of large-scale oil pollution incidents and the laws are not sound. The problem will become more acute. Under the existing legal system of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, oil industry owners do not participate in oil pollution The allocation of compensation for damages caused does not fully reflect the requirements of fair and equitable legislation, nor can it fully safeguard the right of The compensation of oil pollution victims and the development of decontamination work are not conducive to the protection and sustainable development of marine ecological environment. Therefore, it is urgent to perfect the legal system of ship pollution compensation in our country. This paper will mainly expound the damage and compensation in the legal system of ship oil pollution, including how to determine the oil pollution. The system of civil liability for damages and the legislative proposals for perfecting the compensation for oil pollution damage. This paper analyzes the present situation in China. The legal system and characteristics of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, international conventions and regulations in the field of compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, and The legislative methods of representative other countries are analyzed, and the liability of oil pollution of ships as an act of infringement of marine environment is analyzed. According to the characteristics of Ren and compensation system and the situation of our country, this paper puts forward corresponding legislative suggestions according to the research results.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.29;D922.68

【引证文献】