试论我国保险法上告知义务的立法缺陷及完善

发布时间：2018-06-11 09:30

本文选题：保险 + 保险法　；参考：《四川大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：告知义务制度是保险法上一个重要的制度，它直接关系到保险各方当事人和危险共同体的利益。但由于我国保险法对此规定较为粗陋，因此导致了纠纷多、裁判难的局面出现。本文运用比较法学和经济学的方法，利用民商法的基本理论，对告知义务制度基本范畴的各个方面进行分析，并在此基础上指出我国保险法上告知义务制度的立法缺陷，进而对告知义务制度的具体规则进行重构。希望通过立法的改进，减少和避免纠纷，实现《保险法》保护保险各方当事人(包括投保人、被保险人及保险人等)和整个危险共同体的利益的宗旨，促进我国保险业和保险市场的健康发展。本文共分三个部分：前言、正文和结语。前言部分介绍了本文的研究动机、研究目的、研究方法和本文框架。正文主要从理论与实践的角度对告知义务制度的六个方面逐一进行分析：告知义务制度的基础理论，告知的主体，告知义务的履行期，告知义务的范围，告知义务的免除，告知义务的违反。结语部分在正文对告知义务制度充分论述的基础上，总结概括了我国保险法上告知义务制度存在的缺陷，进而对告知义务制度的具体规则进行了重构。保险合同的成立，以保险人能测定危险为条件。虽然危险的估计应为保险人的责任，但因信息不对称现象的存在和调查成本的昂贵，需要告知义务人告知重要事项来协助。同时，告知也是最大诚信原则和对价平衡原则的要求。在告知义务制度设计的整个过程中需贯彻“善意及衡平”的理念。这就是告知义务制度形成的经济学原因和立法依据。投保人作为保险合同的当事人，当然负有告知义务，由于被保险人对保险标的或者其本身知之最详，故被保险人亦应负告知义务。此外，保险经纪人也应成为告知义务人。告知义务人应向保险人履行告知义务，但在保险实务中，他们接触较多的是保险人的个人代理人，本文认为保险人及其代理人具有告知领受权，这就是告知的主体。告知义务履行期的一般原则应界定为“保险人作出承保意思表示前”。此外，在人寿保险合同复效时，为防止“逆选择”和重新评估危险，，仍有必要重新履行告知义务。在保险合同续约或保险合同内容变更视为订立新的合同时，告知义务人也应履行如实告知义务。这就是告知义务的履行期。告知事项应是重要事项，应是告知义务人已知或者应知的事项，同时也是告知相对人询问的事项。这就是告知义务的范围。对于保险人己知或者应知的事项，则应免除告知义务人的告知义务。对于保险人体检医生的已知或者应知，本文建议根据具体情况的不同而决定是否视为保险人己知或者应知。这就是告知义务的免除。违反告知义务的主观要件为告知义务人主观上有过错，客观要件为未告知事项足以导致保险人拒保或者提高保险费率，至于其与保险事故的发生是否有因果关系则在所不问。如果未告知事项足以导致保险人拒保的，保险人可以解除保险合同。如果未告知事项足以影响保险人提高保险费率的，保险事故发生前，保险人可以请求按不足比例加收保险费;保险事故发生后，可以按不足比例减少保险给付。关键词:保险保险法保险合同告知义务
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the various aspects of the obligation system by using the basic theory of civil and commercial law , and then reconstructs the specific rules of the obligation system . It is hoped that the legislation should be improved , the dispute can be reduced and avoided , and the interests of all parties involved in the insurance law ( including the insured , the insured and the insurer ) and the whole risk community are protected .

This paper consists of three parts : the preface , the text and the conclusion . The preface introduces the research motivation , the research aim , the research method and the framework of this paper . The text mainly analyzes the six aspects of the obligation system from the angle of theory and practice : the basic theory of the obligation system , the main body of the notification , the breach of the obligation , the scope of the notification obligation , the breach of the obligation and the breach of the obligation . The conclusion summarizes the defects of the notification obligation system in China ' s insurance law , and then reconstructs the specific rules of the notification obligation system .

The insurance contract is set up and the insurer can measure the dangerous conditions . Although the risk estimation should be the responsibility of the insurer , it is necessary to inform the obligor of the important matters due to the existence of the information asymmetry and the requirement of the investigation cost .

The obligation to communicate is fulfilled , but in the practice of insurance , they are in contact with more personal agents of the insurer ,

The author thinks that the insurer and his agent have the right to inform the leader , which is the subject of the notification .

The general principle of the period should be defined as " the insurer makes a coverage " . In addition , it is subject to life insurance .

In order to prevent " adverse selection " and to re - assess the risk , it is still necessary to re - perform the notification obligation in the same way .

In the event that the renewal of the contract of insurance or the change of the content of the contract of insurance is deemed to be a new contract , the obligor shall inform the obligor

The line truthfully informs the obligation . This is the performance period of the obligation . The notification matter should be an important matter and should be informed

To know what is known or ought to be known to the obligor , and also to inform the opposite person about the matter . This is to tell the meaning

The scope of the affairs shall be exempted from the obligation of the obligor to inform the obligor if the insurer knows or is aware of the matter .

It is known or ought to be known to the insurer ' s medical examination doctor , and it is suggested that depending on the specific circumstances , the decision shall be

No is considered or ought to be known to the insurer . This is the waiver of the obligation . The subjective requirement of breach of the obligation

In order to inform the obligor of its subjective fault , the objective requirement is that the failure to inform the obligor is sufficient to cause the insurer to reject or

The person raises the premium rate , as to whether it has a causal relationship with the occurrence of the insurance accident , if not .

The insurer may terminate the insurance contract if the matter is sufficient to cause the insurer to refuse the insurance . If it is not informed

The insurer may request that the insurer may not be sufficient until the insurance accident occurs before the insured event is sufficient to affect the insurer ' s premium rate

If the insurance accident happens , the insurance benefit can be reduced according to the proportion .

Key Words : Insurance Contract Notification Obligations of Insurance Insurance Law
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D922.284

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