《海商法》中船舶留置权的立法问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 21:04

本文选题：船舶物权 + 船舶留置权　；参考：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：船舶留置权是一项重要的船舶物权。中国船舶留置权制度与海商法、物权法、担保法等理论密切相关,研究船舶留置权不仅为海运实践中发生的相关纠纷提供行为准则,促进海运实践的发展,同时有利于中国船舶留置权的理论构建,便于合理调整船舶留置权和司法权之间的关系,有利于保护造船人、修船人等当事人的合法权益。无论从学理上或是实践上来讲,该课题的研究都具有非常重要的意义。对于船舶留置权的理论制度,两大法系对此都具有一定研究。比如,英美法系的英国和美国,大陆法系的德国、日本等,这些国家对海商法研究历史比较长,海商法理论比较成熟,对船舶留置权的相关问题在理论和实践上都进行了比较深入的探索和完善。中国海商法领域对船舶留置权研究起步较晚,在效力及法律后果问题上的探讨也不全面,有关该理论的著作比较少,大多只是粗略涉及,未达到系统化研究的层面。鉴于船舶留置权问题涉及内容广泛,及与民法密切相关,本文对船舶留置权及引起的法律后果问题进行研究。首先,在船舶留置权的一般理论部分,主要回答了“什么是留置权”,界定了船舶留置权的内涵;其次,海商法领域对船舶留置权的分类没有固定结论,本文结合中国具体国情,以及中国在海上实践和海商活动中反映的问题和情况,以此为依据,将船舶留置权划分为两大类:普通的船舶留置权,即造船人和修船人的船舶留置权;以船舶作为客体的特殊的船舶留置权有多种情况,包括沉船打捞人、海上拖航人、海难救助人的船舶留置权。再次,为了从本质上认识船舶留置权,本文从法律效果角度分析船舶留置权的行使状况,主要包括了船舶留置权的特征、实现程序等问题。最后,分析了船舶留置权在海运实践中同不同船舶担保物权竞合的情况,对船舶留置权同船舶优先权和船舶抵押权之间的受偿顺序进行了重新的构造,从价值目标和实务的角度提出一些方法和建议;同时对在船舶留置权基础上又设定船舶抵押权的受偿问题进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:The lien of ship is an important property right of ship. The system of Chinese ship lien is closely related to the theories of maritime law, real right law, security law and so on. The study of ship lien not only provides the code of conduct for the related disputes arising in the practice of maritime transportation, but also promotes the development of maritime practice. At the same time, it is helpful to construct the theory of Chinese ship lien, to adjust the relationship between the ship lien and the judicial power, and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of shipbuilders, shipbuilders and so on. Both theoretically and practically speaking, the research on this subject is of great significance. For the theoretical system of ship lien, the two legal systems have some research on it. For example, Britain and the United States in the common law system, Germany and Japan in the continental law system, and so on, have a long history of research on maritime law, and the theory of maritime law is relatively mature. The relative problems of ship lien are explored and perfected in theory and practice. The research on the lien of ships in the field of maritime law in China started late, and the discussion on the validity and legal consequences is not comprehensive. There are few works on this theory, most of which are only rough, and do not reach the level of systematic research. In view of the extensive content of the issue of ship lien and its close relation with civil law, this paper studies the issue of the lien of ship and its legal consequences. First of all, in the general theory part of ship lien, it mainly answers "what is lien" and defines the connotation of ship lien; secondly, there is no fixed conclusion on the classification of ship lien in the field of maritime law. Based on the specific conditions of China and the problems and situations reflected in China's maritime practice and activities, this paper classifies the lien on ships into two categories: ordinary ship lien. That is, the ship lien of the shipbuilder and the shipbuilder, and the special ship lien with the ship as the object, including the shipwreck salvager, the tower at sea and the salvage person. Thirdly, in order to understand the nature of the ship lien, this paper analyzes the status of the exercise of the ship lien from the perspective of legal effect, mainly including the characteristics of the ship lien, realization procedures and so on. Finally, the paper analyzes the situation that the ship lien is competing with different ship security interests in the practice of maritime transportation, and reconstructs the compensation order between the ship lien, the ship lien and the ship mortgage. This paper puts forward some methods and suggestions from the point of view of value goal and practice, and probes into the question of how to set up the mortgage of the ship on the basis of the lien of the ship.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294

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