中国商人制度与民事主体立法——写在《民法总则》创立时的思考

发布时间：2018-06-20 18:06

本文选题：商人制度 + 《民法总则》　；参考：《南京大学学报(哲学·人文科学·社会科学)》2017年03期

【摘要】：商人是特殊民事主体,其主体地位的取得与丧失、人格差异、义务承担、法律价值目标等方面,都有别于其他民事主体。《民法总则》作为民事主体的基本法,立法时应充分注意商人主体的特殊性并在规则设置上予以特殊安排,遗憾的是现行立法远远不足。鉴于商人制度在伦理观念、法律人格、责任能力、组织形式等方面都有根本区别于民事主体的创新性,《民法总则》对商人的安排只能限于规定商人的法律地位,具体的商人规则应留予商法自行设计。商人的创新性既是商法生命力的源泉,也是社会经济发展的保证。现阶段我国要改变不健康的经济生态,就必须创建商人制度,通过《商法通则》的制定使商人体系制度化,以消除商人存在方式上的积弊,以弥补《民法总则》立法的缺憾。
[Abstract]:Businessman is a special civil subject, whose subject status is obtained and lost, personality difference, obligation undertaking, legal value goal and so on are different from other civil subjects. When legislating, we should pay full attention to the particularity of businessman's subject and make special arrangement in setting up rules. Unfortunately, the current legislation is far from enough. In view of the fact that the merchant system is fundamentally different from the innovation of the civil subject in the aspects of ethics, legal personality, responsibility ability, organizational form and so on, the arrangement of the merchant in the General principles of Civil Law can only be limited to prescribing the legal status of the businessman. Specific merchant rules should be left to commercial law for its own design. The businessman's innovation is not only the source of the vitality of commercial law, but also the guarantee of social and economic development. At present, in order to change the unhealthy economic ecology, we must establish the merchant system, institutionalize the merchant system through the formulation of the General principles of the Commercial Law, so as to eliminate the accumulated disadvantages in the way of existence of the businessmen and make up for the shortcomings of the legislation of the General principles of the Civil Law.
【作者单位】：南京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D923

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