论保险代位权

发布时间：2018-06-23 23:23

本文选题：保险 + 代位　；参考：《西南政法大学》2004年硕士论文

【摘要】：保险代位权是保险法中一项古老而又重要的制度。它有着深厚的理论基础和现实基础，是平衡各方利益，协调各种原则的有效工具。近年来，有学者主张废除保险代位权，但就目前的法律理念和社会条件而言，保险代位权不但不应废除，反应得以强化。对保险代位权作深入研究，不仅是本文的写作初衷，也有着重要的现实意义。文章除导言和结语外，共分五个部分。第一部分：保险代位权的理论基础。作者首先对已有的保险代位权理论进行了总结，将其归纳为肯定说、否定说和折中说三大类，并对每类学说做了简要评价；然后提出自己的观点，认为保险代位权的理论基础为不真正连带债务，并对其构成要件和效力做了简要介绍。第二部分：保险代位权的立法理由。按不真正连带债务法理，保险代位权的产生系基于法律之特别规定。而法律做出这种规定的理由便是本部分的主要内容。作者从三个方面作了阐述，认为：首先，，保险代位权是商法基本价的集中体现。文章选取“公平”和“效益”作为商法基本价值，并分析了其含义，认为保险代位权既体现了公平，又彰显了效益。其次，保险代位权是道德危险调控的有效手段。由于道德危险与保险功能、目的均格格不入，因此，防治道德危险是各国保险立法的重要使命。保险代位权能有效抑制道德危险的发生。最后，保险代位权是损失补偿原则的全面贯彻。损失补偿内含三层含义，即：及时补偿、对等补偿、无惩罚性，保险代位权能全面贯彻上述三层含义。第三部分：保险代位权的性质特点。本部分讨论了两个问题。第一，保险代位权的性质，作者从不真正连带债务和债权转让两个角度作了分析，认为保险代位权是保险人自己的权利。第二，保险代位权的特点。保险代位权从产生过程、行使方式、范围和对象来看，都由法律直接规定，其法定性十分明显；同时，尽管保险代位权是一项独立于保险赔偿请求权和损害赔偿请求权的新权利，但它又依赖于两项基础权利，故其具有“相对独立性”。第四部分：保险代位权的适用范围。文章从财产保险和人身保险两方面加以翻退。在财产保险中，比较有争议的是保险代位权在责任保险中的适用。作者通过分析，认为保险代位权在责任保险中仅适用于被保险人和其他人共同致人损害而应承担连带责任这种情况。在人身保险中，情况比较复杂，争议颇大。作者从人寿保险、意外伤害保险、健康保险三个方面加以讨论，最后得出结论认为，保险代位权在人身保险各险种中均不适用。第五部分:保险代位权的行使。本部分共讨论了五个问题。第一，行使条件。作者从不真正连带债务角度出发，对保险代位权的行使条件做了分析。第二，行使名义。目前关于保险代位权的行使名义有三种看法。作者同意以保险人自己名义行使保险代位权的观点，并提出了自己的理由。第三，诉讼时效。作者从保险代位权应适用何种时效及何时起算两方面进行讨论，认为保险代位权应适用被代位之本位权利的诉讼时效，并以本位权利人知道或应当知道权利被侵害时起算。第四，行使对象。首先讨论将被保险人的家庭成员或其组成人员排除在第三人之外的理由及如何界定上述人员，并提出了具体可行的界定标准;然后就公法人可否成为追偿对象展开了讨论。
[Abstract]:The right of subrogation is an ancient and important system in the insurance law. It has a profound theoretical and realistic basis, an effective tool to balance the interests of all parties and coordinate various principles. In recent years, some scholars have advocated the abolition of the right of subrogation. But as far as the current legal concept and social conditions are concerned, the right of subrogation should not be abolished, but the right of subrogation should not be abolished. It is not only the original intention of this article, but also the important practical significance.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into five parts.
The first part: the theoretical basis of the right of subrogation. First, the author summed up the existing theory of the right of subrogation, summed up it into three categories: affirmative, negative and compromise, and made a brief evaluation of each theory; then put forward his own view that the theoretical basis of insurance subrogation was not real joint debt. Its constituent elements and effectiveness are briefly introduced.
The second part: the legislative reason of the right of subrogation. According to the legal principle of untrue joint liability, the generation of the subrogation right is based on the special provisions of the law. The reason of the law is the main content of this part. The author expounds from three aspects that, first of all, the subrogation right is the concentrated embodiment of the basic price of the commercial law. The article selects "fairness" and "benefit" as the basic value of the commercial law, and analyzes its meaning. It holds that the insurance subrogation embodies both fairness and benefit. Secondly, the right of subrogation is an effective means of moral hazard control. Because of the moral hazard and the insurance function, the purpose is incompatible. Therefore, the prevention and control of moral hazard is the insurance of all countries. The insurance subrogation power can effectively restrain the occurrence of moral hazard. Finally, the insurance subrogation is the comprehensive implementation of the principle of loss compensation. The loss compensation contains three meanings, namely, timely compensation, reciprocal compensation, no punitive, and the insurance subrogation power to carry out the three layers of meaning.
The third part: the nature of the right of subrogation. This part discusses two problems. First, the nature of the right of subrogation, the author makes an analysis of the two angles of no real joint debt and the transfer of creditor's right. It is considered that the insurance subrogation is the right of the insurer itself. Second, the characteristics of the subrogation right. The way, the scope and the object are directly stipulated by the law and its legal nature is very obvious; at the same time, although the right of subrogation is a new right independent of the claim for insurance compensation and the claim for damages, it is dependent on two basic rights, so it has "relative independence".
The fourth part: the application scope of insurance subrogation. The article from property insurance and personal insurance two parties.
In the property insurance, the more controversial is the insurance subrogation in the liability insurance.
The author thinks that the insurance subrogation is only applicable to the insured and the insurance liability in the liability insurance.
Other persons should jointly and severally liable for joint damage.
The writer is from the three aspects of life insurance, accident injury insurance and health insurance.
Finally, it is concluded that insurance subrogation is not applicable to all types of life insurance.
The fifth part: the exercise of insurance subrogation. There are five questions discussed in this part.
The condition of the insurance subrogation is made by the author from the angle of the unreal joint debt.
Analysis. Second, exercise the name. At present, there are three views on the exercise of insurance subrogation.
They agreed to exercise the right of insurance subrogation in the name of the insurer and put forward their own reasons.
Third, limitation of action. What age should the author apply from the insurance subrogation and when to start two?
The author argues that the right of subrogation should be applied to the prescription of subrogation based rights.
The right holder knows or should know that the right is infringed upon. Fourth, exercise the object.
The reasons for the insured's family members or their members to be excluded from the third party and how to define them
The above personnel put forward specific and feasible criteria for definition, and then whether the public legal person could become a claim for compensation.
The elephant opened up a discussion.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D912.28

【参考文献】