提单的法律适用研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 18:16

本文选题：提单 + 法律　；参考：《西南政法大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界各国之间贸易交往的不断深入,海上运输已经成为国际间货物运输的主要形式。在国际海上货物运输合同中,围绕作为重要单证的提单产生的纠纷可谓繁多。由于提单的签发、转让等往往涉及不同的国家和地区的法律,而各国关于提单的法律规定又存在诸多不同,在发生提单纠纷时经常会引起准据法的确定等一系列的问题。加之,提单背面基本都载有首要条款、法律选择条款和地区条款等相关法律适用条款,当这些条款的内容存在冲突不相一致时不可避免地会影响到提单纠纷的解决。本文联系提单法律适用的基本原则结合各国不同时期的典型案例对提单的法律适用做一系统的分析阐述。本文包括正文三个部分及引言、结束语共约三万字。文章首先结合提单的历史沿革对提单的法律功能进行了分析,并对比介绍了提单的三个国际公约;随后,结合国际私法原理与各国的审制实践对提单法律适用的基本原则进行了阐述;最后文章针对提单背面特殊的法律适用条款以对比分析和实证分析的方法进行了具体的讨论,并结合我国海商法的有关规定探讨了这些相关条款在我国的效力。引言部分简要介绍了文章的写作目的,阐述了作者写作思路。正文的第一部分“提单概述”包括提单的历史沿革、提单定义、提单法律功能及关于提单的国际、国内立法几个方面。在国际航运实践、中提单不断演进形成了目前的形式及其性质和功能,提单的三个国际公约(《海牙规则》、《维斯比规则》、《汉堡规则》)对统一提单立法,减少提单纠纷起到了积极作用。但是由于这三个公约的适用范围不同,参加国对其接纳程度不同以及世界各国国内海事立法的差异使得提单的法律适用在具体的航运实践和司法实践仍然存在很多矛盾和问题。第二部分着重阐述了提单法律适用的几个基本原则:内国强制性规则最为优先原则、缔约国法院优先适用国际公约原则、当事人意思自治原则以及最密切联系原则等。在这些原则中“内国强制性原则”是提单法律适用中应予以最先考虑适用的,这主要是由于当各国的国内立法之间、国内立法与国际公约之间产生冲突时可以充分的维护到本国的公共秩序以及更好地保护本国当事人合法利益。按照“合约必须遵守”的国际法原则,各缔约国法院必须要优
[Abstract]:With the deepening of trade exchanges between countries in the world, maritime transport has become the main form of international cargo transport. In the international contract of carriage of goods by sea, there are many disputes around the bill of lading as an important document. Because the issuance and transfer of bill of lading often involve the laws of different countries and regions, and there are many differences in the legal provisions of bill of lading in various countries, the dispute of bill of lading often leads to a series of problems such as the determination of applicable law and so on. In addition, the bill of lading on the back basically contains the primary clause, the law choice clause and the area clause and so on related law applicable clauses, when the content of these clauses does not agree with each other, it will inevitably affect the settlement of the bill of lading dispute. Based on the basic principles of the application of bill of lading, this paper makes a systematic analysis on the application of bill of lading with typical cases in different countries. This article includes three parts of the body and introduction, concluding remarks a total of about 30,000 words. This paper first analyzes the legal function of bill of lading, and then compares the three international conventions of bill of lading. Combined with the principle of private international law and the practice of reviewing system in various countries, this paper expounds the basic principles of the application of bill of lading law, and finally discusses the methods of comparative analysis and empirical analysis on the special applicable clauses of bill of lading on the back of the bill of lading. Combined with the relevant provisions of China's maritime law, this paper discusses the effectiveness of these relevant provisions in China. The introduction briefly introduces the purpose of the article and expounds the author's writing ideas. The first part of the text, "Bill of Lading Summary", includes the history of bill of lading, the definition of bill of lading, the legal function of bill of lading and the international and domestic legislation of bill of lading. In the practice of international shipping, the evolution of bill of lading has formed the present form and its nature and function. The three international conventions on bill of lading (Hague rules, Visby rules, Hamburg rules) legislate on uniform bill of lading. The reduction of bill of lading disputes has played a positive role. However, due to the different scope of application of the three conventions, the different acceptance degree of the three conventions and the differences of maritime legislation in the world, there are still many contradictions and problems in the application of bill of lading in the specific shipping practice and judicial practice. The second part focuses on several basic principles of the application of bill of lading law: the first principle of mandatory rules in China, the principle of preferential application of international conventions by the courts of Contracting States, the principle of party autonomy and the principle of closest connection, etc. Among these principles, the "domestic peremptory principle" is the first to be considered in the application of the law on bills of lading, mainly because of the fact that, The conflict between domestic legislation and international conventions can fully protect the public order and protect the legal interests of the parties. In accordance with the principle of "contract must be observed", the courts of the Contracting States must be superio
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】