我国典当法律制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 09:49

本文选题：典当 + 法律制度　；参考：《贵州大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 典当是人类社会经济生活中多种融资方式中的一种,相比于其他融资方式具有方便、快捷、便民等特点,在当今社会中有其独特的存在价值。然而典当在新中国发展近二十年来,至今尚游离在民事法律规范之外,虽然典当行业主管部门也颁布了相应的管理规则,但这些规则在可操作性、法律概念的界定以及规则的合理性等方面存在许多不足之处,典当实践与我国传统民法理论相脱节。本文基于我国法制现状,主要内容是分析探讨我国典当法律制度存在的问题,主要包括：第一,目前我国典当立法的层级较低。第二,典当立法与其他法律存在冲突。(1)典当业务范围与银行业监督管理法有冲突。我国银行业监督管理法规定,从事金融活动须经银行业监督管理委员会批准。而我国典当行从事典当借款活动,具有金融性质,但并未经银监会批准。(2)典当担保与担保法存在冲突。我国担保法规定流质契约无效,而我国典当抵押、质押借款中,当事人在典当合同中约定当户不回赎当物时,当物由典当行处理。第三,典当立法自身存在不足,主要是典当关系的主体资格规定不明确,绝当物品的处理规定不当,对典当物品灭失的责任规定不合理,对典当行的违法经营法律责任规定不当。第四,典当监管制度不完善,主要包括主管部门监管职责过于笼统,操作性不强,公安机关对典当业的治安管理现状,典当行业协会的自律监管现状。第五,建立典当联合配套机制,加强各方面的联合。由于立法的不完善,导致司法实践中对典当合同的性质、效力有不尽相同的认定。国外典当业的规范发展较早,也较成熟,法律制度也较完善。本文通过对国外典当制度进行比较研究,分析其有益的典当法律制度,结合我国的实际情况予以借鉴。在以上分析的基础上,提出完善我国典当法律制度的若干建议。主要有：单独制定一部典当法或典当商法,消除典当法与其他法律的冲突,对当物的管理作出更合理的规定,完善典当行违法经营法律责任的规定,完善典当业的监管机制,建立典当业的政府监管体系,明确监管职责,加快全国性典当行业协会的建立,强化行业自律。建立联合配套机制。
[Abstract]:Pawnshop is one of the various financing methods in human social and economic life. Compared with other financing methods, pawn has the characteristics of convenience, rapidity, convenience and so on, which has its unique existence value in today's society. However, since the development of pawnbroking in New China for nearly 20 years, it is still outside the civil legal norms. Although the competent department of pawn industry has also promulgated corresponding management rules, these rules are operable. There are many deficiencies in the definition of the legal concept and the rationality of the rules. The pawn practice is out of touch with the traditional civil law theory in China. Second, there are conflicts between pawn legislation and other laws. (1) the scope of pawn business conflicts with banking regulatory law. China's banking regulatory law stipulates that financial activities must be approved by the Banking Regulatory Commission. But the pawnshop is engaged in the activity of pawn loan, which has the nature of finance, but has not been approved by CBRC. (2) there is a conflict between pawn guarantee and guarantee law. Our country's guaranty law stipulates that the liquid contract is invalid, but in our country's pawn mortgage and pledge loan, the parties agree in the pawn contract that when the household does not return the ransom, the property shall be dealt with by the pawnbroker. Third, there are shortcomings in pawn legislation itself, mainly because the qualification of the subject of pawn relationship is not clear, the provisions on handling goods are improper, and the liability provisions for the loss of pawn articles are unreasonable. The legal liability for the illegal operation of pawnshops is improper. Fourth, the supervision system of pawn is not perfect, including the supervision responsibility of the competent department is too general, the operation is not strong, the current situation of the public security management of pawnbroker and the self-discipline supervision of the pawn industry association. Fifth, the establishment of a pawn joint supporting mechanism to strengthen the joint efforts. Due to the imperfection of legislation, the nature and effectiveness of pawn contracts are determined in judicial practice. Foreign pawnbroking norms developed earlier, more mature, the legal system is also relatively perfect. Through comparative study of pawn system abroad, this paper analyzes its beneficial pawn legal system and draws lessons from the actual situation of our country. On the basis of the above analysis, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the pawn legal system of our country. It mainly includes: making a pawn law or pawnshop law alone, eliminating the conflict between pawn law and other laws, making more reasonable regulations on the management of goods, perfecting the regulation of legal liability for illegal operation of pawnshop, and perfecting the supervision mechanism of pawn business. Establish the government supervision system of pawnbroking, clarify the supervision duty, speed up the establishment of national pawn trade association, and strengthen the self-discipline of the industry. Establish a joint supporting mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923.2

【参考文献】