论破产法重整制度中对债权人利益的保护

发布时间：2018-07-05 04:21

本文选题：新破产法草案 + 重整制度　；参考：《对外经济贸易大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：重整制度,意味着“对迄今为止以破产为中心的倒产制度进行改革”,这一法律改革的出现,在很大程度上是由于破产法传统立法目标所固有的缺陷引起的。破产法的传统立法目标旨在对债权人进行公平的清偿,以债务人的现有财产及时了结债务。但债权人最终能从破产清算中获得的清偿极为有限。而且随着市场经济的发展,市场主体规模不断扩大,各个经济组织间的联系日趋紧密,企业破产造成的影响也日益广泛,仅仅着眼于债权人的利益,而不能够积极避免企业的破产,使得传统破产法的经济功能远远赶不上社会经济发展的需求。重整制度能够平衡各方当事人的利益,使资不抵债的企业免于破产宣告,避免公司解体可能造成的社会动荡,因此受到了各国的普遍重视成为各国破产法改革运动的一大热点。但是重整制度的设计仍然不能偏离对债权人利益的保护而走向保护债务人和挽救企业的极端。如果丧失了债权人保护的功能,重整制度将成为债务人滥用而逃避债务的工具,将会妨碍整个社会的交易安全,同时将企业经营管理不善而倒闭的成本和风险不公平的转嫁在债权人身上。尤其在我国现实情况下,破产法下的重整制度设计很容易成为保护国有企业的盾牌。因此,笔者借鉴各国在重整制度下的立法经验,从立法思想、相关机构、执行原则等方面阐述了如何对债权人利益进行保护,如何平衡债权人与债务人以及社会各利益方之间的利益关系。本文主要分为四个部分进行阐述:第一部分,阐述了重整制度的定义、发展过程及其理论背景,指出重整制度的必要性、可行性以及公权力给予其实施的保障性;第二部分,由重整制度的理论背景引申,讨论了在重整制度下对债权人和债务人利益保护的冲突,以及该冲突在我国现行破产法下的体现和危害;第三部分,从债权人利益保护的角度,分析了公司重整制度的立法设计问题,同时指出对债权人的保护不仅是破产法的首要原则和目标,也是促进社会经济长远发展的前提;第四部分,立足我国国情和发展,有针对性的论述了我国现行破产法的弊端以及新破产法草案中关于重整制度存在的立法瑕疵,并结合上文论述探讨我国在建立重整制度时应注意的具体问题。
[Abstract]:The reorganization system means "to reform the inverted property system which has been centered on bankruptcy until now". The appearance of this legal reform is largely due to the inherent defects of the traditional legislative objectives of bankruptcy law. The traditional legislative goal of bankruptcy law is to pay off creditors fairly and to settle debts in time with the existing property of the debtor. But creditors can eventually get very little satisfaction from bankruptcy liquidation. Moreover, with the development of market economy, the scale of the main body of the market continues to expand, the relationship between various economic organizations is becoming closer and closer, and the impact of enterprise bankruptcy is increasingly widespread, focusing only on the interests of creditors. But it can not avoid the bankruptcy of enterprises actively, which makes the economic function of traditional bankruptcy law fall far behind the demand of social and economic development. The reorganization system can balance the interests of the parties, avoid the bankruptcy declaration of the insolvent enterprises and avoid the possible social unrest caused by the disintegration of the company. Therefore, it has been paid more and more attention to by all countries and become a hot spot in the bankruptcy law reform movement of various countries. However, the design of reorganization system can not deviate from the protection of creditors' interests and go to the extreme of protecting debtors and saving enterprises. If the creditor protection function is lost, the reorganization system will become a tool for debtors to abuse and evade their debts, which will hinder the security of transactions in society as a whole. At the same time, the cost and risk of failure are unfairly passed on to creditors. Especially in the reality of our country, the reorganization system design under the bankruptcy law can easily become the shield to protect the state-owned enterprises. Therefore, the author draws lessons from the legislative experience of various countries under the reorganization system, and expounds how to protect the interests of creditors from the aspects of legislative thinking, relevant institutions, implementation principles, etc. How to balance the interest relationship between creditor and debtor, as well as the benefit parties of society. This paper is mainly divided into four parts to elaborate: the first part, elaborated the reorganization system definition, the development process and the theory background, pointed out the reorganization system necessity, the feasibility as well as the public power gives its implementation safeguard; the second part, Based on the theoretical background of the reorganization system, this paper discusses the conflict between creditor and debtor's interest protection under the reorganization system, and the embodiment and harm of the conflict under the current bankruptcy law of our country; the third part, from the angle of creditor's interest protection, This paper analyzes the legislative design of the corporate reorganization system, and points out that the protection of creditors is not only the primary principle and goal of bankruptcy law, but also the premise of promoting the long-term development of social economy. This paper discusses the drawbacks of the current bankruptcy law and the legislative flaws of the reorganization system in the draft of the new bankruptcy law, and discusses the concrete problems that should be paid attention to in the establishment of the reorganization system.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.291.92

【引证文献】