清末民初市场管理法制建设研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 13:03

【摘要】：清末民初市场管理法规建设具有划时代的意义,它标志着中国传统的市场管理的解体及其近代化的启动。近代市场管理法的出现并不是偶然的,它是一系列条件交互作用下的产物。本文对清末民初市场管理法规建设进行全方位的考证,并对其历史背景、过程及主要内容进行分析,以总结其经验与教训。本文除序言与结语外,共分五个部分: 在序言中,笔者首先开宗明义,提纲挈领的就论文所拟解决的问题及分析框架进行说明,其次对学术界对于近代中国市场管理法的研究现状进行了简明扼要的说明,最后对本文所涉及的基本概念,如市场、市场管理、市场管理法进行界定,并对与市场管理法相关的法规进行辨析。第一部分,清前期的市场管理。主要是简要地介绍清前期的市场管理,重点地介绍了这一时期的牙行的管理、榷关的管理、禁榷商品的管理和对外贸易的管理,并对这一时期市场管理的特点作了归纳分析。与前代相比清前期的市场管理具有历史进步性,但它依然是一种征税式、粗放型、统制型的市场管理。第二部分,西方民商法文化的传入和近代市场管理的发轫。主要介绍近代市场管理理论——近代民商法是怎样传入中国,近代中国各阶层对于近代民商法的态度是什么。在先进的近代民商法的影响下,通过晚清修律,仿行西方的民商法,近代市场管理模式在中国大地出现了。第三部分,晚清修律与近代市场管理法规的制定。首先,谈到实现传统市场管理法向近代市场管理法嬗变的枢纽——晚清修律变法。其次,介绍清末市场管理法规,如市场主体法《公司律》,市场客体法《大清银行则例》,市场表示法《商标注册试办章程》,市场秩序法《专利法》和《破产法》,以及市场调节法中的各种奖励章程等等。再次,介绍了近代市场管理机构的设立,依次介绍了商部、商务局、商会等机构。最后,探讨了清末市场管理法的实施状况。笔者认为,清政府基本上贯彻了新的市场管理法,而商人和商会对于新法具有较大的抵触情绪。第四部分,近代市场管理法的初步成型和发展(1912—1916)。这一部分简要地介绍民国初期市场管理法制建设的基本概况以及实施状况。民国初年继承了晚清修律的成果,并加以发展,同时民初的市场管理法更具有可行性。第五部分,清末民初市场管理法制建设简评。新的市场管理法在近代的出现具有一定的进步意义,它促进了民族资本主义的发展,揭开了中国法律近代化的序幕,同时,它又存在不少缺陷,为后世留下宝贵的经验和教训。关于清末民初的市场管理法制建设的历史启示,笔者认为,在社会主义市场经济建设的今天,市场管理法规建设是市场经济健康发展的重要保证,市场管理法规应根据市场经济的发展需要适时立法;制定新法不要急功近利,须审慎而行;法律移植应与本国国情相结合,简单的法律移植不能实现法律的现代化。
[Abstract]:The construction of market management laws and regulations in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China has epoch-making significance. It marks the disintegration of Chinese traditional market management and the start of its modernization. The emergence of modern market management law is not accidental, it is a product of a series of conditional interaction. This paper has a full examination of the construction of market management regulations in the late Qing and early Republic of China. It also analyzes its historical background, process and main contents to sum up its experience and lessons. Besides preface and epilogue, this paper is divided into five parts.
In the preface, the author begins with a brief description of the problems and analytical frameworks to be solved in the paper. Secondly, the academic circle has made a brief description of the current research status of the modern Chinese market management law, and finally defines the basic concepts involved in this article, such as market, market management, and market management. It also analyzes the relevant laws and regulations related to the market management law.
The first part is the market management in the early Qing Dynasty, mainly introducing the market management in the early Qing Dynasty, focusing on the management of the teeth in this period, discussing the management of the customs, the management of the goods and the management of foreign trade, and summarizing the characteristics of the market management in this period. It has historical progress, but it is still a taxation, extensive and controlled market management.
The second part, the introduction of western civil and commercial law culture and the beginning of modern market management, mainly introduces the modern market management theory - how modern civil and commercial law was introduced into China, what is the attitude of modern Chinese classes to modern civil and commercial law. Under the influence of advanced modern civil and commercial law, the law of late Qing Dynasty and the imitation of western civil and commercial law, The modern market management model has emerged in China.
The third part, the law of the late Qing Dynasty and the formulation of modern market management laws and regulations. First, it talks about the transformation of the traditional market management law to the modern market management law - the law of revision in the late Qing Dynasty. Secondly, it introduces the market management regulations in the late Qing Dynasty, such as the market subject law, the law of the company, the market guest law, the big Qing bank example, the market expression method < trademark registration. The articles of association, the law of the market order, the patent law, the bankruptcy law and the various awards articles of regulation in the market regulation law and so on. Again, the establishment of the modern market management institutions is introduced, and the business department, the Commerce Bureau and the chamber of commerce are introduced in turn. Finally, the implementation of the market management law at the end of the Qing Dynasty is discussed. The author believes that the Qing government has basically implemented it. The new market management law and businessmen and chambers of Commerce have great resistance to the new law.
The fourth part, the preliminary formation and development of the modern market management law (1912 - 1916). This part briefly introduces the basic situation of the construction of market management legal system in the early Republic of the Republic of China and its implementation status. The early Republic of the Republic of China inherited the achievements of the late Qing Dynasty, and developed it. At the same time, the market management law of the early Republic of China was more feasible.
The fifth part is a brief review of the construction of the legal system of market management in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The new market management law has some progressive significance in modern times. It has promoted the development of national capitalism and opened the prelude to the modernization of Chinese law. At the same time, it has many defects and left valuable experience and lessons for the later world. The historical enlightenment of the construction of field management legal system is that the construction of market management laws and regulations is an important guarantee for the healthy development of market economy in the construction of the socialist market economy. The market management laws and regulations should be timely legislating according to the development of market economy. The combination of national conditions and simple legal transplantation can not realize the modernization of law.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K257

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