保赔保险合同的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-17 15:04

【摘要】： 保赔保险是一种特殊的海上保险，伴随着海上风险的增加和海上责任制度的发展，它在海上保险中的地位日益突出。但是，各国立法对保赔保险的规定很不完善，理论上对保赔保险制度的专门研究也不甚多见。本文选取保赔保险合同这一制度核心加以研究，希望通过比较研究各国的立法和实践，结合海上保险法的基础理论，深化这一领域的研究，使我国的相关立法更趋完善。本文共有五章，总计五万字左右。文章主要分为三部分：导言、正文和结语。导言简述了本文的写作意图和意义。第一章的内容比较宏观，，概括介绍了保赔保险的性质、沿革以及船东保赔协会的定义，并对保赔保险合同的产生与发展及其性质进行了深入地分析。保赔保险合同不同于其它海上保险合同，在承保范围、经营目的、保障关系以及责任限制方面都有其显著的特点。第二章切入本文的主题，主要是对海上保险法的基本原则在保赔保险合同中的适用进行了具体讨论。保赔保险毕竟是一类特殊的保险，具有特殊的法律性质。这种特殊的法律性质决定了海上保险法的基本原则在适用于保赔保险合同时呈现出不同的要求和表现形式，甚至有时候会出现一定的偏离。第三章针对保赔协会承担法律责任的问题进行了深入地研究。首先，论述了保赔协会的承保概况，即分析了保赔协会承保与传统保险市场的区别和现代保赔协会的个性承保制度及承保条件。其次，从四个方面分析了保赔协会承担的责任范围，并列举了承保的例外与限制。再次，本文研究了第三人对保赔协会的直接诉讼，第三方对保险人的直接请求权是其提起直接诉讼的基础，对这种请求权的性质和来源，理论上存在不同的观点，各国的立法规定也不尽相同。我国对第三人起诉海上保险人问题的明确规定仅见于海事诉讼特别程序法，具有局限性。第四章指明了船东保赔协会的发展走势与中船保之体制创新。保赔险将继续发挥其应有的不可替代的作用，作者还提出了两点建议：一是界定互益型经济团体地位，赋予其独立的法人地位；二是修改《海商法》、完善《保险法》，承认保赔险种类，通过创新和立法完善，确保中船保更具国际竞争力。
[Abstract]:With the increase of marine risk and the development of marine liability system, the position of insurance is becoming more and more prominent. However, the regulations of the national legislation on the insurance are not perfect, and the special research on the insurance system is not very common in theory. This paper chooses the core of this system to study, hoping to deepen the research in this field by comparing the legislation and practice of various countries, combining with the basic theory of marine insurance law, so as to make the relevant legislation of our country more perfect. There are five chapters in this paper, totaling about 50, 000 words. The article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction briefly describes the purpose and significance of this paper. The content of the first chapter is macroscopical, it introduces the nature, evolution and the definition of the ship owner's insurance association, and analyzes the origin and development of the insurance contract and its nature. The insurance contract is different from other marine insurance contracts, and has its remarkable characteristics in the aspects of insurance coverage, business purpose, security relationship and liability limitation. The second chapter discusses the application of the basic principles of marine insurance law in the insurance contract. After all, insurance is a special type of insurance, with a special legal nature. This special legal nature determines that the basic principles of marine insurance law take on different requirements and forms of expression when applied to insurance contracts, and sometimes deviate from each other. The third chapter makes a deep study on the legal liability of the Protective and Indemnity Association. First of all, the general situation of the insurance coverage of the insurance association is discussed, that is, the difference between the insurance coverage of the insurance association and that of the traditional insurance market, and the individualized underwriting system and the underwriting conditions of the modern insurance association are analyzed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the scope of liability of P & I Association from four aspects, and enumerates the exceptions and limitations of underwriting. Thirdly, this paper studies the direct action of the third party against the indemnity protection association. The direct claim of the third party against the insurer is the basis of its direct action, and there are different views on the nature and source of this claim in theory. The legislative provisions of different countries are also different. The explicit stipulation of the third party suing the marine insurer in our country is only found in the special procedure law of maritime litigation and has its limitations. The fourth chapter points out the development trend of the Shipowners' Protective and Indemnity Association and the innovation of the Chinese Shipyard Insurance system. Insurance will continue to play its irreplaceable role, the author also put forward two suggestions: first, define the status of economic groups of mutual benefit, endow them with independent legal person status; Second, we should amend the Maritime Law, perfect the Insurance Law, recognize the types of insurance and indemnity insurance, and ensure that China Shipping Insurance has more international competitiveness through innovation and legislative perfection.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.284

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