船级社侵权责任法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-18 14:58

【摘要】：船级社在促进船舶安全、海上贸易发展和防止海洋环境污染等公共领域发挥不可替代的作用。各国法院长期以来保留着船级社免责的惯例,然而随着近年来数起特大型船舶油污泄漏造成灾难性的海洋环境污染事件,让国际各界对船级社的免责理由产生质疑。作为航运界不可或缺的组织,船级社侵权责任的研究已成为海商法的前沿课题。本文通过四章进行阐述,主要内容如下：第一章主要从船级社侵权责任的内涵出发,重点阐述船级社侵权责任的特殊性和涉及的第三方。通过深入分析,指出船级社在法定服务下船级社属于特殊的民事组织；船级社扮演着重要角色但是存在局限性。第二章阐述船级社侵权责任的归责原则及构成要件以及船级社在法定服务及国际公约下的抗辩事由。通过分析可知,船级社侵权责任的归责原则适用过错责任原则；船级社既不能援引国家豁免权也不能援引国际海事公约的限制或免责条款进行抗辩。第三章简要分析了英美法院的案例。在大多数船级社侵权案例中,船级社提出的诸如适航义务是承运人的强制性义务及船级社的证书和第三方损失不存在近因等抗辩事由会获得英美法院的完全或部分认可。在特例中,尤其是涉及人命的重大事故中,英美法院往往倾向于船级社承担责任。第四章运用法经济学的理论分析船级社享有责任限制的理由,同时指出建立国际统一的船级社保护性制度不可取并提出了船级社应当采取的有效措施。希望本文对船级社侵权责任的探讨,为船级社化解来自第三方诉讼压力有所裨益,并最终推进针对船级社的国内立法。
[Abstract]:Classification societies play an irreplaceable role in promoting ship safety, developing maritime trade and preventing marine environmental pollution. The courts of various countries have maintained the practice of classification society exemption for a long time, however, with several catastrophic marine environmental pollution incidents caused by oil pollution leakage from super large ships in recent years, the international community has questioned the exemption reasons of classification societies. As an indispensable organization of shipping industry, the research of classification society tort liability has become the frontier of maritime law. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter focuses on the particularity of classification society tort liability and the third party involved in it from the connotation of classification society tort liability. Through in-depth analysis, it is pointed out that classification societies belong to special civil organizations under legal service, and classification societies play an important role but have limitations. The second chapter describes the classification of tort liability principles and constitutive requirements as well as classification society under the statutory services and international conventions defense. Through the analysis, we can know that the liability principle of classification society's tort liability is applicable to fault liability principle, and classification society can neither invoke state immunity nor the limitation or exemption clause of international maritime convention to defend it. The third chapter briefly analyzes the case of British and American courts. In most classification society tort cases, defences raised by the classification society, such as the mandatory obligation of the carrier and the certificate of the classification society and the non-existence of proximal cause of third-party loss, will be fully or partially recognized by the courts of the United States and the United States. In exceptional cases, especially in major accidents involving human life, British and American courts tend to take responsibility for classification societies. The fourth chapter analyzes the reasons why classification societies enjoy the limitation of liability by using the theory of law and economics, and points out that it is not advisable to establish an international unified protective system of classification societies and puts forward the effective measures that should be taken by classification societies. It is hoped that the discussion on the tort liability of classification societies in this paper will benefit the classification societies in resolving the pressure of litigation from third parties and finally promote the domestic legislation against classification societies.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923;D996.19

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