论公民监督权的实现

发布时间：2018-01-30 05:22

本文关键词： 公民监督权实现　出处：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在宪政中，公民的权利在很多方面可以体现，如人身权，财产权，受教育权等，但同时公民的监督权作为一项重要的公民的权利，同样应该得到公民的认识和重视。人民作为国家的主人，国家工作人员作为人民的“公仆”，其权力应该受到监督，故而，为了公民权利得到更好的保障和实现，使公民的权利矢志不渝的得到维护，更应该建立有效的公民监督机制。在我国的《宪法》、《信访条例》等法律法规中都有完善公民监督权制度，保障公民监督权的法律条文。从法律条文的描述，落实到公民监督权的实施，许多更多的努力和智慧。当前，我国的公民监督权的实现有很大的进步和发展，但是由于政治、经济、文化传统等原因，现阶段我国公民的监督权还有很多的问题和弊端，尤其是很多的公民监督权都流于形式。我们从对公民监督权的法理分析和国内外对公民监督权的理论研究开始，，以宪法第41条“公民的一切权利属于人民”为切入点，重点解释“国家的一切权利属于人民”，在公民监督权实现理论意义和现实意义。通过对国内外公民监督权的研究，我们可以更好的解决公民监督权实现中的问题，提供很多更好的参考和借鉴。公民监督权的实现形式，通过对公民监督权的主题、客体和内容的研究，更好的了解公民监督权的实现方式。从公民监督权的宪政功能来看，公民监督权是公民主权的直接体现之一，是维护基本人权的重要手段和重要途径。我国民主法律发展较晚，摸索前进的现实决定了我国在公民监督权实现中确实存在很大的问题。在探讨公民监督权实现的主要途径和存在的问题过程中，对于正确理解我国宪法中公民监督权具有现实的指导意义。当前在我国直接行使监督权的主要途径包括：举报、信访、舆论监督、诉讼。其中存在的问题有很多：比如法律配套制度不完善，宪法权利的法律细化不足，政务公开程度不够，公民实现监督权前提的知情权严重缺失，公民监督渠道不畅，监督权实现受阻。最后，根据自己的调查研究，提出可行性创造性建议。运用科学的研究方法如比较分析法，通过古代现代、西方和国内的宪法中公民监督权实现中的异同优缺。在西方资本主义宪政的实施与社会主义国家宪政实施中的问题做比较，更加深刻的认识我国现阶段宪政中公民监督权实现的问题。再如历史分析法，在特定的时期和特定阶段认识宪法、宪政和宪法现象，只有从历史条件出发，才能明白为何会存在这些问题，如何解决这些问题。最后是联系实际的分析方法，法学研究是一种实践性学科，只有联系实际才能获得研究法学的真正价值，赋予论文以生命力和现实意义。
[Abstract]:In constitutionalism, the rights of citizens can be reflected in many aspects, such as personal rights, property rights, the right to education and so on, but at the same time, the right of supervision of citizens as an important right of citizens. The people, as the masters of the country, and the state functionaries as the "public servants" of the people, their powers should be supervised. In order to better guarantee and realize the citizen's rights and safeguard the citizen's rights, we should set up an effective citizen supervision mechanism in our country's Constitution. The "regulations on Letters and visits" and other laws and regulations all contain legal provisions to improve the system of citizens' supervisory power and to ensure the right of supervision of citizens, from the description of the legal provisions to the implementation of the right of supervision of citizens. Many more efforts and wisdom. At present, the realization of the right of civil supervision in China has made great progress and development, but due to political, economic, cultural and other reasons. At present, there are still many problems and drawbacks in the supervision power of Chinese citizens, especially, many of them are mere forms. We begin with the legal theory analysis of the citizen's supervisory power and the theoretical research on the citizen's supervisory power at home and abroad, and take Article 41 of the Constitution as the starting point: "all the citizens' rights belong to the people". It is important to explain that "all the rights of the country belong to the people", and to realize the theoretical and practical significance in the right of civil supervision, through the study of the right of supervision of citizens at home and abroad. We can better solve the problems in the realization of citizen supervision power, and provide a lot of better reference and reference. The realization form of citizen supervision power, through the study of the subject, object and content of citizen supervision power. From the constitutional function of the citizen supervision power, the citizen supervision power is one of the direct embodiment of citizen sovereignty. It is an important means and an important way to safeguard basic human rights. To explore the reality of the progress of our country in the realization of the right of supervision of citizens really exist a lot of problems. In the process of discussing the main ways and problems of the realization of the right of citizen supervision. It is of practical significance to correctly understand the right of citizen supervision in our constitution. At present, the main ways to directly exercise the right of supervision in our country include: report, letter and visit, supervision by public opinion. Litigation. There are many problems: for example, the legal supporting system is not perfect, the law of constitutional rights is not detailed enough, the degree of public affairs is not enough, and citizens' right to know the premise of the right of supervision is seriously missing. The channel of citizen supervision is not smooth, and the realization of supervision power is blocked. Finally, according to his own investigation and research, the feasibility and creative suggestions are put forward. Using scientific research methods such as comparative analysis, through the ancient modern. The similarities and differences in the realization of the right of citizen supervision in the western and domestic constitutions are compared between the implementation of the western capitalist constitutionalism and the implementation of the constitutionalism in the socialist countries. A more profound understanding of the current constitutional government in our country in the realization of the issue of citizen supervision. Again, as the historical analysis, in a specific period and a specific stage of understanding of the Constitution, constitutionalism and constitutional phenomena, only from the historical conditions. In order to understand why these problems exist, how to solve these problems. Finally, the analysis method of connecting with practice. Law research is a practical subject, only by linking with practice can we obtain the real value of research law. Endow the thesis with vitality and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D921

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