立法前评估指标体系的构建

发布时间：2018-03-02 17:09

本文选题：立法前评估　切入点：必要性　出处：《山西大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：立法前评估是指立法机关或者其委托的其他机关、第三方主体在立法表决通过前,对立法必要性、合法性、可操作性、可能产生的影响等进行综合评估的活动。进行立法前评估是提高立法科学化、民主化的一项重要举措,对于加强和改进立法工作,提升立法质量具有重要意义。一般而言,立法前评估是由评估主体、评估对象、评估指标体系、评估方法、评估报告以及回应机制六部分组成。其中,立法前评估指标体系在整个立法前评估中具有十分重要的地位。立法前评估指标体系,作为立法前评估的核心内容,是衡量评估活动和评估结果科学与否的准则,也是衡量立法活动利弊的重要依据,在整个立法前评估活动起到了引导、评价的作用。目前,我国一些省市结合本地的立法前评估实践,初步确立了地方立法前评估指标体系,但是,这些评估指标体系的设计缺乏统一的标准。由于法是一种特殊的社会规范,其涉及社会生活各领域,若用完全相同的评估指标体系去衡量,就明显地缺乏科学性和合理性。所以,就需要构建这样一种评估指标体系,既有统一的构建标准,基本满足法律法规的评估要求;又能根据具体的法律法规,在不破坏评估指标体系内部逻辑结构的前提下,对指标的权重划分有所调整,满足具体法律法规评估的特色要求。在构建立法前评估指标体系时,必须综合考量各方面因素,从评估内容的必要性、合法性、可操作性和可能产生的影响,评估对象与相关法律法规或制度的协调关系以及评估对象的特殊性等方面予以确立,以保证评估结果的科学性、有效性。基于上述因素的综合考量,本文认为,立法前评估指标体系由必要性指标、合法性指标、协调性指标、可操作性指标、影响性指标、特色性指标六部分构成。必要性指标是考量评估对象有无立法必要,合法性指标是考量评估对象是否符合法律要求,协调性指标是考量评估对象与同位阶法、配套规范性法律文件、配套制度等之间的关系,可操作性指标是考量评估对象能否实际操作,影响性指标是考量评估对象实施后可能产生的影响,特色性指标是考量评估对象的特殊之处。由此构建的立法前评估指标体系,有利于评估目的的实现,有利于评估活动的顺利开展、评估结果的科学、准确,有利于制定出高质量的法律法规。
[Abstract]:Pre-legislative evaluation refers to the legislative organs or other organs entrusted by the legislature, the third party subject, before the legislative vote is passed, on the necessity, legality and maneuverability of the legislation, Conducting pre-legislative assessments is an important measure to enhance the scientific and democratic nature of legislation, and is of great significance for strengthening and improving legislative work and improving the quality of legislation... Pre-legislative assessment is composed of six parts: subject, object, index system, method, report and response mechanism. The index system of pre-legislative evaluation plays a very important role in the whole pre-legislative evaluation. As the core content of pre-legislative assessment, it is the criterion to measure the scientific evaluation activities and results. It is also an important basis for measuring the advantages and disadvantages of legislative activities, and has played a leading and evaluating role in the whole pre-legislative evaluation activity. At present, some provinces and cities in China have preliminarily established the local pre-legislative evaluation index system combined with the local pre-legislative evaluation practice. However, there is a lack of uniform standards in the design of these evaluation index systems. Because law is a special social norm, it involves all fields of social life, and is measured by a completely identical evaluation index system. Therefore, it is necessary to construct such an evaluation index system, which not only has unified construction standards, basically meets the evaluation requirements of laws and regulations, but also can be based on specific laws and regulations. On the premise of not destroying the internal logical structure of the evaluation index system, the weight division of the index is adjusted to meet the characteristic requirements of the evaluation of specific laws and regulations. In order to ensure the scientific nature of the evaluation results, the necessity, legality, maneuverability and possible impact of the evaluation content, the coordination relationship between the evaluation object and the relevant laws, regulations or systems, and the particularity of the evaluation object are established to ensure the scientific nature of the evaluation results. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the above factors, this paper holds that the pre-legislative evaluation index system consists of necessity index, legitimacy index, coordination index, maneuverability index, influence index, etc. The characteristic index consists of six parts. The necessity index is to consider the legislative necessity of the evaluation object, the legitimacy index is to consider whether the evaluation object conforms to the legal requirements, and the coordination index is to consider the evaluation object and the same rank method. The relationship between supporting normative legal documents, supporting systems, and so on. The maneuverability index is to consider whether the evaluation object can be operated in practice, and the influential index is to consider the possible impact after the implementation of the evaluation object. The characteristic index is the special place of considering the evaluation object. The pre-legislative evaluation index system constructed from this is conducive to the realization of the evaluation purpose, the smooth development of the evaluation activity, and the scientific and accurate evaluation results. Is conducive to the formulation of high quality laws and regulations.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D921

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