论我国公民监督权的完善
发布时间：2018-08-25 13:10
【摘要】：权力易于被滥用,而权力的滥用会侵害到公民的合法权益。因此要采取措施来监督和制约权力。在我国权力监督体系中既存在权力运行系统的内部各项权力之间的监督制约也存在各个机关之外的来自外部力量的监督。权力内部之间的监督制约又可以分为横向制约与纵向制约。横向制约是指国家机关之间的相互制约监督。纵向制约是指各个国家机关自身上下级之间的监督。在本文中将这两种监督统称为国家监督。本文认为我国宪法明确规定的七种监督都属于国家监督的范畴。这七种监督有人大监督、政协监督、政党监督、审计监督、检察监督、纪检监督、监察监督。来自这些监督之外的外部力量的监督即公民监督。将对权力的监督分为国家监督与公民监督,是因为公民监督具有与国家监督相区别的特点,要从这些特点出发,提出完善公民监督权的措施。此外,公民监督丰富了国家监督的内容,很多国家监督的发起都是由公民监督开始的,同时国家监督又保障公民监督的行使。虽然宪法第四十一条以分列出四项基本权利的形式来定义公民监督权。但是我国公民监督并没有完整的法律体系和制度来保障,导致实践中很多公民监督事件背离了公民监督制度的初衷。但是宪法赋予公民监督权不是越大越好,只有恰当的运用才可以使公民监督权发挥其最大的作用。一方面,要利用国家监督保障公民监督行使的作用,国家需要加强对公民监督权的保护,使公民能真正参与国家的管理;另一方面也要对公民监督权进行必要的限制,督促公民正确行使公民监督权。除引言外,本文分四部分,共两万余字。主要内容如下:第一部分,公民监督权的概述。本部分从公民监督权的构成要素、理论基础以及公民监督权行使的方式的论述为主要内容。我国宪法以及其他法律规范中并没有提及公民监督权这一明确概念。分析其性质和分类能够更加准确地理解公民监督权的概念。分析公民监督权的理论证成是为了研究公民监督权权利产生的初衷,是为公民监督权的完善建议提供根本的标准和要求。因为新兴的网络舆论监督与传统的公民监督方式存在许多不同,也带来许多新的问题,因此将公民监督权的行使方式分为这两种行使方式,以更好的理解公民监督的内涵,同时为从这两个方式的角度分别提出公民监督权存在的问题做好铺垫。第二部分,公民监督权与国家监督权的区别与联系。之所以在论述公民监督权的同时要提出国家监督权的概念。一方面是为了更好的分析公民监督权的特点。另一方面是为了从国家监督权与公民监督权存在的联系入手,使国家监督权能够更好的保障公民监督权的行使。第三部分,公民监督权存在的问题。这一部分主要从两个方面来分析公民监督权存在的问题,一方面是从公民角度,即是结合公民监督行使方式来分析公民监督权存在的问题。传统公民监督权行使方式与新兴公民监督权行使方式存在的问题各异。另一方面主要是从国家机关的角度来分析公民监督权保障方面的存在的问题。公民监督权缺乏法律和制度保障。第四部分,最后这部分是全文的重点章节,也是为公民监督权存在的各种问题提出一些建议。
[Abstract]:Power is easy to be abused, and the abuse of power will infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Therefore, measures should be taken to supervise and restrict power. Supervision and restriction can be divided into horizontal restriction and vertical restriction.Horizontal restriction refers to the mutual restriction and supervision between state organs.Vertical restriction refers to the supervision between the superiors and subordinates of each state organ.In this paper,the two kinds of supervision are collectively called state supervision.This paper holds that the seven kinds of supervision clearly stipulated in the Constitution of China belong to the state. The seven kinds of supervision are supervised by the National People's Congress, CPPCC, political parties, auditing, procuratorial, discipline and inspection, and supervision by citizens. In addition, citizen supervision enriches the content of state supervision. Many state supervision starts with citizen supervision, and at the same time, state supervision guarantees the exercise of citizen supervision. Although Article 41 of the Constitution sets out four basic rights. However, there is no complete legal system and system to guarantee citizen supervision in China, which leads to many cases of citizen supervision deviating from the original intention of the citizen supervision system. On the one hand, to make use of the role of state supervision to protect the exercise of citizen supervision, the state needs to strengthen the protection of citizen supervision, so that citizens can truly participate in the management of the state; on the other hand, it is necessary to restrict the right of citizen supervision and urge citizens to exercise the right of citizen supervision correctly. The contents are as follows: The first part is an overview of the citizen's supervisory power. This part is mainly composed of the elements of the citizen's supervisory power, the theoretical basis and the way in which the citizen's supervisory power is exercised. Understanding the concept of citizen's right of supervision.Analyzing the theoretical proof of citizen's right of supervision is to study the original intention of the right of citizen's right of supervision and to provide the basic standard and requirement for the perfection of citizen's right of supervision. Therefore, the exercise of the right of citizen supervision is divided into two ways to better understand the connotation of the right of citizen supervision, and at the same time to put forward the problems of the right of citizen supervision from the perspective of the two ways to pave the way. Part II, the difference and relationship between the right of citizen supervision and the right of state supervision. At the same time, we should put forward the concept of the state supervision power. On the one hand, it is to better analyze the characteristics of the citizen supervision power. On the other hand, it is to start with the connection between the state supervision power and the citizen supervision power, so that the state supervision power can better protect the exercise of the citizen supervision power. Mainly from two aspects to analyze the problems of citizen supervision, on the one hand from the perspective of citizens, that is, combined with the exercise of citizen supervision to analyze the problems of citizen supervision. The fourth part, the last part is the key chapter of this paper, and also gives some suggestions for the various problems existing in the civil supervision.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D921
本文编号：2202979
[Abstract]:Power is easy to be abused, and the abuse of power will infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. Therefore, measures should be taken to supervise and restrict power. Supervision and restriction can be divided into horizontal restriction and vertical restriction.Horizontal restriction refers to the mutual restriction and supervision between state organs.Vertical restriction refers to the supervision between the superiors and subordinates of each state organ.In this paper,the two kinds of supervision are collectively called state supervision.This paper holds that the seven kinds of supervision clearly stipulated in the Constitution of China belong to the state. The seven kinds of supervision are supervised by the National People's Congress, CPPCC, political parties, auditing, procuratorial, discipline and inspection, and supervision by citizens. In addition, citizen supervision enriches the content of state supervision. Many state supervision starts with citizen supervision, and at the same time, state supervision guarantees the exercise of citizen supervision. Although Article 41 of the Constitution sets out four basic rights. However, there is no complete legal system and system to guarantee citizen supervision in China, which leads to many cases of citizen supervision deviating from the original intention of the citizen supervision system. On the one hand, to make use of the role of state supervision to protect the exercise of citizen supervision, the state needs to strengthen the protection of citizen supervision, so that citizens can truly participate in the management of the state; on the other hand, it is necessary to restrict the right of citizen supervision and urge citizens to exercise the right of citizen supervision correctly. The contents are as follows: The first part is an overview of the citizen's supervisory power. This part is mainly composed of the elements of the citizen's supervisory power, the theoretical basis and the way in which the citizen's supervisory power is exercised. Understanding the concept of citizen's right of supervision.Analyzing the theoretical proof of citizen's right of supervision is to study the original intention of the right of citizen's right of supervision and to provide the basic standard and requirement for the perfection of citizen's right of supervision. Therefore, the exercise of the right of citizen supervision is divided into two ways to better understand the connotation of the right of citizen supervision, and at the same time to put forward the problems of the right of citizen supervision from the perspective of the two ways to pave the way. Part II, the difference and relationship between the right of citizen supervision and the right of state supervision. At the same time, we should put forward the concept of the state supervision power. On the one hand, it is to better analyze the characteristics of the citizen supervision power. On the other hand, it is to start with the connection between the state supervision power and the citizen supervision power, so that the state supervision power can better protect the exercise of the citizen supervision power. Mainly from two aspects to analyze the problems of citizen supervision, on the one hand from the perspective of citizens, that is, combined with the exercise of citizen supervision to analyze the problems of citizen supervision. The fourth part, the last part is the key chapter of this paper, and also gives some suggestions for the various problems existing in the civil supervision.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D921
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