校园体育伤害的法律责任制度之完善研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 02:46

本文关键词：校园体育伤害的法律责任制度之完善研究　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：校园体育是我国教育的重要组成部分,其目的是通过培养学生的体育兴趣、态度、习惯、知识和能力来增强学生的身体素质,培养学生的道德和意志品质,促进学生的身心健康。对于增强我国整体国民身体素质、提高全国体育水平至关重要。近年来,随着我国素质教育的全面推进、党中央国务院对于校园体育的逐渐重视,校园体育在质和量上都有极大的进步。然而,校园体育毕竟也是一种体育活动,竞技性为其固有属性,因此其本身具有一定的潜在风险性。在活动进行过程中会出现各种各样不可预估的风险,校园体育伤害因此产生。文章第一部分通过阐释校园体育伤害的含义,通过后面的特征、特殊性和分类来进一步理解校园体育伤害。通过分析得出了校园体育伤害具有受侵害主体是学生；侵害范围固定；易发性和风险性高；过错责任原则为主要、公平责任原则为补充；社会影响大、牵扯利益面广的几个特殊性。同时根据几个因素将校园体育伤害分成几类,便于进一步区分和理解校园体育伤害。第二部分通过分析从中国裁判文书网和北大法宝等网站搜集了全国范围内公开的128份生效判决书,从中间筛选出与最具代表性、最突出校园体育伤害特性的60个案例,整理出当前校园体育伤害的司法现状。同时分析出当前校园体育伤害案件中的典型问题。首先是对甘冒风险原则的不确定适用。在当前的司法实践中,由于法律上“甘冒风险”原则没有明确的态度,立法之初专家学者的意见是将“甘冒风险”纳入过错责任原则。然而在具体的司法实践中,很多法官并没有理会“甘冒风险”这一原则,用很牵强的理由认定学校负有责任,对于学校并不是很公平。其次是公平原则的滥用。因为学校相对于个人来说经济实力相对强大,在处理校园体育伤害案件的时候法官往往依据公平原则让学校承担一部分损失来补偿受害学生,而在补偿金额上学校却没有自主权。再次是个别法官有时候在处理校园体育伤害案件时不能正确的理解法律、适用法律。文中举例法官对打篮球这一行为理解为共同危险行为,而通过笔者的分析打篮球这一运动并不符合共同危险行为的概念。最后一个是在处理校园体育伤害的时候,由于相关的法律法规还不完善,导致法官的自由裁量权过大。当即使学校负有一定的过错责任的时候,学校该负责任的比例由法官根据个人的经验来确定,由于涉及金额较大,学校由于责任比例的不同赔偿金额的差距也较大,同样不利于校园体育伤害的解决。第三部分重点分析了当前校园体育伤害的归责原则。通过分析当前司法实践中归责原则的适用情况,同时得出了在当前校园体育伤害中应该形成以过错责任为主、过错推定责任为辅、严格适用公平责任的综合归责原则体系。文章在第四章分析出影响我国校园体育伤害的不足：立法不统一。由于立法的问题导致一些法律法规之间出现冲突、位阶的问题导致对于处理校园体育伤害时更有利的法律不得不让位于上位法。法官缺乏一定的体育知识和体育法学知识导致判决时责任认定不清,甚至出现错误的情况。过错认定不规范、责任认定不清晰。对于学校的过错、学生的过错认定没有统一的标准,没有将过错量化,过错责任的认定规范化。校园伤害保险机制缺失导致司法加重校方责任。文章在最后一章根据现状提出了相应的措施：统一立法,可以通过新立法和修改现有法律的方式。明确出过错责任划分,量化过错,规范过错责任的认定。通过提高法官的素养、引入专家组评审制度来提高判决质量。最后提出通过建立健全校园体育保险制度和校园体育伤害基金制度来进一步健全校园体育伤害的社会补偿制度,切实保护学校和学生的利益,保证校园体育运动的健康开展。
[Abstract]:Campus sports is an important part of China's education, its purpose is to cultivate students' interest in sports, attitude, habits, ability and knowledge to enhance the physical quality of the students, cultivate students' morality and willpower, promote physical and mental health of students. To enhance China's overall national physical quality, it is very important to improve the level of sports in recent years, with the comprehensive promotion of quality education in our country, the CPC Central Committee and State Council attach importance to campus sports gradually, campus sports have great improvement in quality and quantity. However, it is also a kind of campus sports sports activities, sports for its inherent properties, so it has some potential risks. The risk of various unpredictable will in the process of campus sports activities, resulting in damage. In the first part of the article meaning through the interpretation of campus sports injury, through the back. Sign, particularity and classification to further understanding of the campus sports injury. Through the analysis of the campus sports injury has infringed the subject is against the scope of students; fixation; susceptibility and high risk; the principle of fault liability as the main, the fair responsibility principle as supplement; the social impact, several special involve a wide range of interests. At the same time, the campus sports injury was divided into several categories according to several factors, so as to further distinguish and understand the campus sports injury. The second part through the analysis of the China referee network Chinalawinfo website and collected nationwide public 128 copies of effective judgment, from the middle and selected the most representative, the most prominent campus in 60 cases the sports injury characteristic, sort out the current situation of judicial campus sports injury. At the same time analysis of the typical problems of the current campus sports injury cases. The first is the risk of primary It is uncertain. In the current judicial practice, the law of "risk" principle has no clear attitude, legislation at the beginning of the views of experts and scholars is the "risk" in the principle of fault liability. However, in judicial practice, many judges and ignored the "risk" this principle, with very far fetched reasons that the school is responsible for the school, and is not very fair. Second is the abuse of the principle of fairness. Because the school compared to individuals of relatively strong economic strength, when dealing with the case of campus sports injuries often judge according to the principle of fairness let school bear a part of the loss to compensate the injured students, and the school in the amount of compensation is no autonomy. Once again, individual judges sometimes in campus sports injury cases can not correctly understand the law, the applicable law. The examples of the judge To play basketball this understanding for common risk behavior, and through the analysis of the concept of playing basketball is not consistent with the common dangerous behavior. The last one is when dealing with campus sports injuries, due to relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, leading to the judge's discretion is too large. When even when Bear the fault liability of the school, the proportion of the school responsible by the judge according to the personal experience to determine, because the amount of money involved, the amount of compensation is different because the school responsibility proportion gap, also not conducive to solving the campus sports injury. The third part analyzes the imputation principle of the current campus sports injury through. For the analysis of the current judicial practice of the principle of attribution, and draws the conclusion that in the current campus sports injury should be formed by fault liability, fault liability principle, strict Lattice equitable liability comprehensive imputation principle system. In the fourth chapter the article analysis of the impact of China's lack of campus sports injuries: legislation. Conflict arose between the legislative problems lead to some laws and regulations, in order to treatment led to the problem of campus sports injury more favorable legal way to judge the upper law. The lack of sports knowledge and sports law knowledge leads to judgment responsibility is not clear, or even wrong. Fault identification is not standardized, responsibility is not clear. For school students to identify the fault fault, there is no uniform standard, no fault quantification, fault liability identification standardization. The campus injury insurance mechanism. Leading to the judicial responsibility. Increasing the school in the last chapter, according to the current situation and puts forward corresponding measures: unified legislation, through new legislation and modify existing law Law. To identify the fault liability division, quantitative fault, fault liability cognizance standard. By improving the quality of judges, the introduction of expert group evaluation system to improve the quality of decision. Finally, through the establishment of a sound social insurance system and compensation system of campus sports and campus sports injury fund system to further improve the campus sports injury, and effectively protect the school and the interest of the students, to ensure the healthy development of campus sports.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.16

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