论夫妻离异时冷冻受精胚胎的处置权归属

发布时间：2018-01-12 03:36

本文关键词：论夫妻离异时冷冻受精胚胎的处置权归属　出处：《天津师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冷冻受精胚胎作为新兴的事物,挑战了人们对传统理论法学的认识,现在人们对其认识还不是很全面,对冷冻受精胚胎问题的处理更是处于摸索阶段。冷冻受精胚胎的属性决定了这是一个复杂的过程,现在学术界对其法律属性认定的主流观点是“主体说”“客体说”“折中说”。本文在认可“客体说”的基础上,将冷冻受精胚胎认定为夫妻不可分割的共同共有物。由于冷冻受精胚胎一般是在夫妻关系存续期间形成的,夫妻离异无形中又会加大了对其处置的难度。夫妻离异时冷冻受精胚胎能否继续孕育、保存、赠与、销毁都是面临着的问题。针对夫妻在进行辅助生殖手术之前订立的协议是否具有最终性都值得考量。同时,夫妻离异又会出现很多的被“遗忘”的冷冻受精胚胎,对于这些冷冻受精胚胎医疗机构是否具有处置权也值得商榷。如何让冷冻受精胚胎在夫妻离异时受到妥善的处置,兼顾法理与情理,让冷冻受精胚胎得到充分利用,使夫妻双方都达到接受的程度是本文的核心所在。本文首先通过结合典型案例提出目前夫妻离异时处置冷冻受精胚胎所面临的问题,再通过对冷冻受精胚胎的属性、夫妻间的合意、法理与情理的考量以及对冷冻受精胚胎监管的不严密这几个方面进行分析,找出夫妻离异冷冻受精胚胎处置遇到问题的原因,针对出现这些问题的原因,参考国外司法实践中的典型案例与立法、结合我国实际情况,提出在我国现有规章的基础上通过完善立法、尊重当事人意思自治的情况下寻求法理与情理的平衡,以此来完善我国在夫妻离异时如何处置冷冻受精胚胎的建议,以求在未来的司法实践中为解决这类问题提供一些参考。
[Abstract]:As a new thing, frozen fertilized embryo has challenged people's understanding of traditional theoretical jurisprudence, but it is still not fully understood. The treatment of frozen fertilized embryos is in the groping stage. The nature of frozen fertilized embryos determines that this is a complex process. At present, the mainstream view of the legal attribute of the academic circles is "subject theory", "object theory" and "compromise theory". This paper is based on the recognition of "object theory". The frozen fertilized embryo is recognized as a common and indivisible common property of the couple. Since the frozen fertilized embryo is generally formed during the marriage relationship. Divorce of husband and wife will increase the difficulty of its disposal. When the husband and wife divorce frozen fertilized embryos can continue to conceive, preserve, gift. Destruction is a problem. It is worth considering whether the agreement made between couples before performing assisted reproductive surgery is final. Divorced couples will see many "forgotten" frozen fertilized embryos. It is also open to question whether these medical institutions have the right to dispose of frozen fertilized embryos. How to allow frozen fertilized embryos to be properly disposed of in the event of divorce, both legal and reasonable. To allow frozen fertilized embryos to be fully utilized. The core of this paper is to make both husband and wife reach the level of acceptance. First of all, through the combination of typical cases, this paper puts forward the problems faced by couples in disposing of frozen fertilized embryos when they are divorced. Then through the frozen fertilized embryo attributes, the agreement between husband and wife, the consideration of legal theory and reason, as well as the frozen fertilization embryo supervision of these aspects are not strict. To find out the reasons for the problems in the treatment of divorced frozen fertilized embryos, referring to the typical cases and legislation in foreign judicial practice, combined with the actual situation in our country. On the basis of the existing rules and regulations of our country, the author proposes to seek the balance between law and reason by perfecting legislation and respecting the autonomy of the parties. In order to provide some reference for solving this kind of problems in the judicial practice in the future, the suggestions on how to deal with frozen fertilized embryos during divorce in our country can be perfected.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.9;D922.16

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