试析农地“三权分置”下土地经营权的法律性质

发布时间：2018-01-25 13:19

本文关键词： 三权分置农地产权承包权经营权　出处：《学海》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】："三权分置"的地权改革是对当前农地权利结构的重构,其目标在于实现农地资源的市场化,为农业现代化经营铺路。要在立法上落实"三权分置"的改革举措,在于确定经营权的物权性质。如果将土地承包经营权视为"三权分置"中经营权的来源,则经营权作为他物权的生成路径与物权理论相悖。回顾历史可以发现,集体土地来源于农民加入农村合作社或人民公社时带来的私有土地,农民是农民集体中的一员,农民在承包集体土地时实际上在一定程度上也是承包自己的土地,农民对承包的土地具有"准所有权"。土地承包权不仅是资格性的成员权,同样也具有"准所有权"性质,这种具有"准所有权"性质的土地承包权是一种"自物权",从而可以派生出用益物权范畴的土地经营权(土地使用权)。
[Abstract]:The land right reform of "three rights divided" is the reconstruction of the current farmland right structure, and its goal is to realize the marketization of agricultural land resources. To pave the way for the modernization of agricultural management. To implement the reform of "three rights separation" in legislation, it is necessary to determine the real right nature of the management right. If the land contractual management right is regarded as the source of the management right in the "three rights separate structure". Looking back on history, we can find that collective land comes from private land brought by farmers when they join rural cooperatives or people's communes. Peasants are one of the peasants' collective members. In fact, farmers contract their own land to a certain extent when they contract collective land. Farmers have "quasi-ownership" over the contracted land, and the land contract right is not only a qualified member right, but also a "quasi-ownership" nature. This kind of land contract right, which has the nature of "quasi-ownership", is a kind of "self-real right", which can be derived from the land management right (land use right) in the category of usufruct right.
【作者单位】：广东人文学会公共政策研究中心;
【基金】：广东省社会科学界联合会基金项目“财税政策与农村扶贫工作”(项目号:SL16SKT02)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.32
【正文快照】： 农村土地“三权分置”是指改变原来所有权与承包经营权“两权分离”模式,将农地产权分置为集体有所有权、农户有承包权和经营者有经营权的“三权”模式。农村土地“三权分置”的构想虽然早在1990年代就有学者提出,(1)而且在一些地方有小范围的实践,(2)但作为全国性的政策被提

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