住房公积金法律属性与完善路径研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 09:03

本文关键词： 住房公积金住房保障法律属性制度定位　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：住房，是一种人类社会生活必需品，直接关乎每个人的生存尊严和幸福指数。一直以来，几乎每个国家都在持续的关注和研究这一世界性问题。住房作为一种资源，必然涉及社会分配体制。改革开放以前，与计划经济体制下的社会分配制度相适应，我国采取国家分配住房的形式。随着经济体制的改革，福利分房这种实物分配方式逐渐被货币分配方式所取代，住房公积金制度便是在此背景下产生。住房公积金制度作为住房货币化改革的产物，一方面提高了居民的住房消费能力，另一方面也为支持保障性住房建设做出了巨大的贡献。然而，在近年来不断飙升的房价和不断增强的居民住房需求下，制度设计的缺陷也开始逐渐暴露，制度的运行偏离了住房保障的制度设计目标，一系列公平性争议甚至引发了一些人对住房公积金存在必要性的质疑。而这些问题的产生从根本上讲是因为对住房公积金的资金属性和制度定位不明确，导致制度相关的法制建设无法没有与制度的运行同步。本文从住房公积金的历史和现状出发，分析了住房公积金制度运行和法制建设存在的主要问题，由此说明住房公积金资金属性和制度定位不清晰是造成所有问题的根本性原因。本文综合运用公民住宅权、强制储蓄、互助机制等相关理论，提出住房公积金是一种强制储蓄基础上的个人住房专用资金,其所有权归属于缴存职工，即具有私人所有权属性。同时又具有保障性、互助性以及强制性三大核心价值属性。住房公积金制度应该定位为住房保障制度，而政策性住房金融则是实现住房保障目标的外在手段。此处笔者经过研究，从宏观上提出了自己的独到见解——住房公积金整个制度设计要从住房保障体系建设的背景下出发，充分发挥自身优势的同时，建立与其他住房保障制度的联动机制，从而实现保障居民住宅权，“住有所居”的目标。弄清楚了住房公积金究竟是什么之后，针对制度实际运行中的比较突出的问题，本文提出了住房公积金制度完善的路径参考。最后文章还强调，明确了制度定位后要真正实行制度改革，，必须从立法开始。提升立法层级和水平，出台《住房公积金法》，对住房公积金的运行各方面进行全面系统的规定，或者干脆制定统一的《住房保障法》，将住房公积金制度和其他住房保障制度统一于一部法典才是大势所趋。
[Abstract]:Housing, a necessity of human life, is directly related to the dignity and happiness of every human being. For a long time, almost every country has been continuously paying attention to and studying this world problem. Housing as a resource, Before the reform and opening up to the outside world, in line with the social distribution system under the planned economic system, China adopted the form of national distribution of housing. With the reform of the economic system, The distribution of welfare housing is gradually replaced by the method of monetary distribution, and the housing accumulation fund system comes into being under this background. The housing accumulation fund system, as the product of housing monetization reform, on the one hand improves the housing consumption ability of residents, on the other hand, it also makes a great contribution to supporting the construction of affordable housing. In recent years, with the soaring housing prices and the increasing housing demand of residents, the defects of the system design are gradually exposed, and the operation of the system deviates from the goal of housing security system design. A series of fairness disputes have even caused some people to question the necessity of the housing provident fund. And these problems are fundamentally caused by unclear financial attributes and institutional positioning of the housing provident fund. As a result, the legal construction related to the system cannot be synchronized with the operation of the system. Based on the history and present situation of housing accumulation fund, this paper analyzes the main problems existing in the operation of housing accumulation fund system and the construction of legal system. This shows that unclear capital attributes and institutional positioning of housing provident funds are the fundamental causes of all the problems. This paper comprehensively applies the relevant theories such as citizen's right to housing, compulsory savings, mutual aid mechanism, etc. It is put forward that the housing accumulation fund is a kind of personal housing special fund on the basis of compulsory savings, and its ownership belongs to the paid workers, that is to say, it has the attribute of private ownership, and at the same time, it has the property of security. The housing accumulation fund system should be positioned as the housing security system, and the policy-oriented housing finance is the external means to realize the housing security goal. From the macroscopic point of view, the author puts forward his own original opinion that the whole system design of housing provident fund should proceed from the background of housing security system construction, give full play to its own advantages, and establish a linkage mechanism with other housing security systems at the same time. In order to achieve the goal of protecting residents' right to housing and "living with housing," we have figured out exactly what a housing accumulation fund is, aiming at the more prominent problems in the actual operation of the system. This paper puts forward the path reference for the perfection of the housing accumulation fund system. Finally, the article emphasizes that in order to truly implement the system reform after making clear the position of the system, we must start with the legislation, and raise the level and level of the legislation. The "Housing Provident Fund Law" was introduced to comprehensively and systematically regulate all aspects of the operation of the housing provident fund. Or simply make a unified Housing Security Law, housing provident fund system and other housing security system unified in one code is the general trend.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.181

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