强制医疗法律关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 17:37

  本文选题：强制医疗　切入点：法律关系　出处：《苏州大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：强制医疗概念从传统上对实施犯罪行为但无法辨认自己行为的精神病患者以及药物依赖的“瘾君子”的强制治疗,向现代普发的传染性疾病患者及疑似患者的强制医疗变迁、推进,从强调自利性的治疗到更偏好公共利益的强制。乱象横生的强制医疗令人震惊和扼腕的同时反思法律制度应有的效能,透过这些表象触摸强制医疗具有共通特性的本质。从理论与实证两个相互联系、依次递进的层面,试图对强制医疗法律关系展开理论与体系化的探索:1.在对现有论争与理论依据进行理性批判的基础上,指出强制医疗法律关系的性质,即双阶段复合性法律关系。这一法律关系虽形态各异,突显的是能够对相对人人身自由进行限制的行政法律关系,规制的核心也集中于这一阶段。因此,为何仅因相对人作为患者无法防范的不意识对公共安全造成威胁即可作出行政强制这一权力的质疑,引发正当性基础的讨论。这一讨论目的在于试图为权力行使提供合法律与合伦理的解释。然而任何单一政治哲学都可能为其他哲学所摈弃,在各种理论中寻求平衡,才是行为正当的真正源由。2.双阶段的性质决定着连接行政机关与相对人的医疗机构,由于同时兼具两种身份,也因此形成公法与私法两种不同的法律关系,通过垂直与水平冲突的图解,诠释着行政抑或民事法律关系的存在。区别于一般诊疗合同,厘清强制医疗法律关系中各方主体的权利义务,尤其是患者的哪些权利应在这一法律关系中让渡。3.对行政权的制约,从程序入手无疑是最为有效的方式。打开视野,建立两个层次性战略体系,一为全球强制医疗到我国强制医疗,一为全国强制医疗到地方强制医疗个案。通过与欧盟Enhorn v.Sweden案所确立的制度和标准、美国Speaker和Daniels强制医疗事件及其制度、日本传染病防治法的基本程序制度进行对比分析,提出建立长效机制的设计方案。通过问卷调查进行实证分析,弄清以下一些问题:强制医疗的对象、强制医疗决定主体、医患双方的权利、治疗费用承担以及一系列附带问题,比如强制医疗决定的告知,强制医疗造成损害的赔偿机制等,掌握广州市公众对传染病强制医疗程序规则及补偿机制的态度,以形成结论。4.危机管理理论为国家在强制医疗法律关系中承担补充赔偿和补偿责任提供侵权责任之外的依据支撑,明确各方主体在医患纠纷中的法律地位并确定相应责任是解决医患纠纷的前提。至此,强制医疗法律关系体系基本构建。然徒善不足以为政,徒法不足以自行。强制医疗权与法治的关系和平衡个人权利与公共利益的治理策略一样具有启发性。强制医疗为思考强制医疗法律关系、研究政治权力行使的每一步都必须服从于法律规则和程序提供了路径。
[Abstract]:The concept of compulsory medical treatment has traditionally changed from compulsory treatment for psychotic patients who commit criminal acts but cannot recognize their own behaviour, and for drug dependent "drug addicts" to modern infectious disease patients and suspected patients. From the emphasis on self-interest treatment to the predilection of public interest compulsion. The chaotic compulsory medical treatment is shocking and painful, while reflecting on the effectiveness of the legal system, Through these images, compulsory medical care has the nature of common characteristics. From the theoretical and empirical aspects of the two interrelated, in turn, This paper attempts to explore the theory and systematization of the compulsory medical legal relationship. 1. On the basis of rational criticism of the existing controversy and theoretical basis, the author points out the nature of the compulsory medical legal relationship. That is, two-stage compound legal relationship. Although this legal relationship is different in form, it highlights the administrative legal relationship which can restrict the relative person's personal freedom, and the core of regulation is also concentrated in this stage. Why the power of administrative coercion can be challenged simply because of the unawareness that the relative person cannot prevent as a patient, which poses a threat to public safety, The purpose of this discussion is to provide a legal and ethical explanation for the exercise of power. However, any single political philosophy may be rejected by other philosophies, seeking a balance among various theories, The nature of the two stages determines the medical institution connecting the administrative organ and the relative person. Because of the two identities at the same time, there are two different legal relations between public law and private law. Through the diagram of vertical and horizontal conflict, it interprets the existence of administrative or civil legal relationship, which is different from the general diagnosis and treatment contract, and clarifies the rights and obligations of each party in the compulsory medical legal relationship. In particular, which rights of patients should be transferred in this legal relationship. The restriction of administrative power is undoubtedly the most effective way to start from the procedure. First, compulsory medical treatment from the world to our country, and one case from compulsory medical treatment to local compulsory medical treatment nationwide. Through the system and standards established in the Enhorn v. Sweden case with the European Union, the Speaker and Daniels compulsory medical incidents and their systems in the United States, This paper makes a comparative analysis of the basic procedural system of the Japanese Law on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, and puts forward a design scheme for establishing a long-term mechanism. Through the empirical analysis of questionnaires, the following problems are clarified: the object of compulsory medical treatment, the subject of compulsory medical treatment, and the subject of compulsory medical treatment. The rights of both doctors and patients, the payment of treatment expenses and a series of incidental problems, such as the notification of compulsory medical decisions, the compensation mechanism for damage caused by compulsory medical treatment, etc. To master the public's attitude towards the rules of compulsory medical procedures and compensation mechanism for infectious diseases in Guangzhou, In order to form conclusion .4. the theory of crisis management provides the basis for the state to assume supplementary compensation and compensation liability in the compulsory medical legal relationship, which is in addition to the tort liability. Clarifying the legal status of the parties in the doctor-patient dispute and determining the corresponding responsibility are the premise of resolving the doctor-patient dispute. At this point, the compulsory medical legal relationship system is basically constructed. The relationship between compulsory medical treatment and the rule of law and the balance between individual rights and public interests are just as enlightening. Every step in the study of the exercise of political power must follow the path of legal rules and procedures.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.16
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本文编号：1562021