我国新型食品的安全保障法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 11:40

本文选题：新型食品　切入点：安全保障　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生物技术的发展,新元素、新工艺在食品领域的应用越来越具有多样性,对于这类产品,联合国粮农组织将其定义为“新型食品”。新型食品并非是某一种特定的产品,因其缺乏安全性的确信证明,存在未知的风险性,新型食品的推广应当是在充分保障公众的知情权的前提下,由公众自主选择并认可,因此对新型食品的法律规制应当综合考量技术手段、安全标准以及公众的接受度。但现行的法律规制缺乏关于新型食品的技术信息、功能基因来源阶段的安全标准公开透明和法律责任设置。而新型食品一旦进入市场,根据实质等同原则,与传统食品无异,且对于新型食品由于科技不确定性所带来的风险,可以依据“技术中立”依法免责。因此本文试图分析如何解决技术安全和公众的信任安全两层顾虑,在科学技术创新和食品安全的需求间寻求平衡。首先,文章从我国与欧盟对于新型食品的相关立法中,总结归纳新型食品的定义,与传统食品之间的差异,以及新型食品对于现行的法律规制带来的挑战。其次,分析了我国新型食品的安全保障法律规制现状及存在的不足,主要是:对于新型食品的法律规制往往是将其作为多个特定性产品看待,缺乏普遍性。缺乏对生物技术的多源性、多功能性前景的考量,致使新型食品进入“食物链”阶段的法律责任空悬。且对于新型食品的信息公开缺乏便捷和有效性,无法快速便捷地将其与传统食品相区分,不利于消费者知情权的维护。法律规制的不足,既会导致发生侵害却追责困难,更会加重了消费者对于新型食品的不信任感,长此以往也将不利于新型食品的研发和推广。最后,针对新型食品的特殊性,亟需在法律制度上对新技术“食品化”阶段进行法律责任的配置,为新型食品的安全治理提供一个可供量化的标准;对于免责条款应当进行修正或者重新释义;并通过完善顶层制度设计,给予公众更多的话语权和选择权,为社会监督提供更为便利和畅通的途径。
[Abstract]:With the development of biotechnology, the application of new elements and processes in the field of food is becoming more and more diverse. For this kind of product, the FAO defines it as "new food." New food is not a particular product. Because of its lack of security to prove that there are unknown risks, the promotion of new foods should be fully guaranteed the public's right to know, the public choice and recognition, Therefore, the legal regulation of new food should take into account the technical means, safety standards and public acceptance. However, the current legal regulation lacks the technical information about the new type of food. The safety standards at the functional gene source stage are open and transparent and legal liability is set. Once new foods enter the market, according to the principle of substantial equivalence, they are no different from traditional foods and pose risks to new types of food due to scientific and technological uncertainties. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze how to solve the two concerns of technological safety and public trust and safety, and to strike a balance between scientific and technological innovation and the need for food safety. First of all, This paper sums up the definition of new food, the difference between new food and traditional food, and the challenge of new food to the current legal regulation from the relevant legislation of China and European Union. This paper analyzes the present situation and shortcomings of the legal regulation on the safety and security of new-type food in our country. The main points are: the legal regulation of new-type food is often treated as many specific products, lacking of universality, lacking of multi-source of biotechnology, and so on. Due to the consideration of multifunctional prospect, the legal liability of the new food entering the "food chain" stage is empty. Moreover, the information disclosure of the new food is not convenient and effective, and it can not be quickly and conveniently distinguished from the traditional food. This is not conducive to the protection of consumers' right to know. The lack of legal regulation will not only lead to infringement but also lead to difficulties in pursuing responsibility, and will also aggravate consumers' distrust of new types of food. In the long run, it will also be unfavorable to the research and development and promotion of new foods. Finally, in view of the particularity of new foods, it is urgent to allocate the legal responsibility of the new technology "food" stage in the legal system. To provide a quantifiable standard for the safety management of new foods; to amend or reinterpret the exemption clauses; and to give the public more voice and choice by improving the design of the top-level system. To provide a more convenient and smooth way for social supervision.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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