从警察义务到当事人权利的立法模式转变——谈《治安管理处罚法》“通知家属”的修订

发布时间：2018-03-19 18:29

本文选题：治安管理处罚法　切入点：拘传　出处：《中国人民公安大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》规定公安机关在使用传唤措施、在作出拘留处罚或者在询问未满十六周岁治安违法者之时,应当通知当事人的家属或监护人。这种将通知家属设定为公安机关执法义务的立法模式,其立法目的在于保护公民的人身自由权、保护公民不被秘密、随意地控制人身自由以及保障当事人家属的知情权,但在实践中由于联系不上家属、当事人拒绝提供联系方式等因素,导致办案人员履行义务困难,还可能导致公安民警选择性执法,使立法目的难以实现,许多国家对此采取了不同的立法模式,与我国的主要区别在于将通知家属设定为当事人的主动选择权。如果《治安管理处罚法》在修订时能够转变立法模式,规定当事人自主选择是否行使及如何行使对外联络的权利,既能更为有效地保障当事人的权利,又能减轻警察义务、避免警察因通知不到家属而承担法律责任,节约行政资源。
[Abstract]:The Law of the people's Republic of China on Administrative penalties for Public Security stipulates that public security organs shall, when using subpoena measures, impose a detention penalty or question a person under the age of 16 for a public security violation, The legislative model of notifying the family members as the law enforcement obligation of the public security organs is designed to protect the citizens' right to personal liberty and protect the citizens from being kept secret. Freely controlling personal freedom and protecting the right to know of the family members of the parties concerned, but in practice, due to factors such as not contacting the family members and the parties refusing to provide contact methods, it is difficult for the case handlers to fulfill their obligations. It may also lead to selective law enforcement by the public security police and make the legislative purpose difficult to achieve. Many countries have adopted different legislative models to this end. The main difference with our country is that the notifying family is set as the party's active choice. If the Public Security Administration punishment Law can change the legislative model when it is revised, It is not only more effective to protect the rights of the parties concerned, but also to lighten the duties of the police, to avoid the police taking legal responsibility for not notifying the family members and to save administrative resources by stipulating whether or not to exercise and how to exercise the right to communicate independently.
【作者单位】：中国人民公安大学;
【分类号】：D922.14

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