国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 13:22

本文选题：国家赔偿 + 精神损害　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：新修订的《国家赔偿法》将精神损害赔偿纳入国家赔偿范围,是我国法治建设的重大进步,使公民的精神利益有了更全面保障。然而,完善我国国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度任重而道远。在司法实践中,国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度因规定过于原则、抽象而难以付诸实施。本文根据我国精神损害赔偿制度的立法现状和司法实践,结合中外法学的研究成果,深入分析我国国家赔偿制度,进而提出完善我国国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度的观点和构想。除了引言和结语外,本文共四部分：第一部分是国家赔偿及其精神损害赔偿基本理论介绍。本部分首先阐释了国家赔偿制度的概念、构成要件等,是第四部分制度完善的基础。接下来,本部分分析了精神损害的特征,凸显了制度完善的难点。进一步地,本部分对国家侵权之精神损害赔偿制度与民事侵权之精神损害赔偿制度进行了比较。最后,本部分阐明了我国新《国家赔偿法》将精神损害纳入国家赔偿范围的意义所在。第二部分比较分析了两大法系典型国家的相关制度,为我国制度的完善提供借鉴。第三部分分析了我国国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度的现状与不足。《国家赔偿法》第35条规定：“致人精神损害的,应当在侵权行为影响的范围内,为受害人消除影响,恢复名誉,赔礼道歉；造成严重后果的,应当支付相应的精神损害抚慰金。”由于社会文化、经济等各种因素,我国现行国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度刚刚萌芽,实践经验不足,制度本身仍存在一系列缺陷,如使用一些类似于“严重后果”、“相应的”等模糊性词语,使得该制度难以成为“活法”。第四部分从适用标准、赔偿范围、赔偿标准等方面提出了制度完善的相关建议。由于精神损害的特殊性,在短时期内做出像财产损害赔偿制度那样具体的制度规则是不可能的,但现行规定过于原则抽象,缺乏可操作性。若不进一步细化,则国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度将会是名存实亡。
[Abstract]:The newly revised "State compensation Law" brings the compensation for mental damage into the scope of state compensation, which is a major progress in the construction of the rule of law in China and provides a more comprehensive guarantee for the spiritual interests of citizens.However, there is a long way to go to perfect the system of state compensation for mental damage.In judicial practice, the system of state compensation for mental damages is too abstract to be put into practice because of its excessive principle.According to the current legislative situation and judicial practice of the system of compensation for mental damage in China, this paper, combined with the research results of Chinese and foreign jurisprudence, deeply analyzes the national compensation system of our country.Then put forward the point of view and conception of perfecting the mental damage compensation system of the state compensation in our country.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper consists of four parts:The first part is the introduction of the basic theory of national compensation and mental damage compensation.This part first explains the concept of the national compensation system, the elements and so on, which is the foundation of the fourth part.Then, this part analyzes the characteristics of mental damage, highlights the difficulties of system improvement.Further, this part compares the national tort compensation system with the civil tort compensation system.Finally, this part clarifies the significance of the new State compensation Law to bring mental damage into the scope of state compensation.The second part makes a comparative analysis of the relevant systems in the typical countries of the two major legal systems, and provides reference for the perfection of the system in our country.To restore reputation and make an apology; if serious consequences are caused, the corresponding compensation for moral damage shall be paid. "Due to social, cultural, economic and other factors, the current national compensation system for spiritual damages in China has just sprouted, with insufficient practical experience, and the system itself still has a series of defects, such as the use of some similar to "serious consequences".The vague words such as "corresponding" make the system difficult to become "living method".The fourth part puts forward the system perfect suggestion from the application standard, the compensation scope, the compensation standard and so on.Because of the particularity of mental damage, it is impossible to make specific rules like the compensation system for property damage in a short period of time, but the current regulations are too abstract and lack of maneuverability.Without further refinement, the state compensation system for mental damage will exist in name only.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.1

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