不安全食品责令召回行政法规制研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 15:39

本文选题：责令召回 + 行政命令　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：食品安全与社会公众的生活密切相关,与食品安全相关的问题受到了公众、媒体的热切关注。为了有效保障食品的安全,进一步完善与食品安全相关的法律法规,全国人大在2009年2月28日审议并通过了《中华人民共和国食品安全法》,并在2015年,全国人大修订了《食品安全法》,在法律层面上,建立了食品生产经营许可、安全风险评估、生产经营抽检、召回等制度,对食品生产经营的全过程进行了监管。在这些制度中,召回制度是维护食品安全的最后一道屏障。虽然《食品安全法》在法律责任中,对违反《食品安全法》的行为,规定了行政处罚、行政强制等措施,但是这是对违反法律义务,造成的不利后果所做的事后处罚,对于事前风险防范的作用不大。因此,需要有制度在事前风险防范、避免不利后果范围扩大方面起到作用。食品召回制度就具有这样的作用。责令召回制度作为食品召回制度的组成部分,对于发挥召回制度的作用具有重大意义。不安全食品责令召回制度,其作用不仅限于是食品召回发起的一种方式,还是一种督促食品生产经营者主动召回不安全食品的震慑力量。然而,现有的责令召回制度存在诸多问题,影响了其作用的发挥。不安全食品的责令召回,从召回的发起到执行完毕是一个复杂的过程。在这一过程中,对于召回的标准、召回的程序、召回的不安全食品的处理等,往往会产生一系列问题。这些问题能否合理解决,影响食品责令召回能否顺利进行。本文将从我国责令召回制度发展概况和存在的问题入手,针对责令不安全食品责令召回制度目前存在的“责令召回”法律属性模糊、不同位阶的立法存在冲突、监管主体存在冲突、召回程序缺乏可操作性、法律责任设置不当等问题,从行政法视角,论述责令召回的性质,明确责令召回是一种行政命令行为,而后分析责令召回实施过程中的权限分配,依据正当程序原则,设置行政机关在责令召回中应遵循的程序,使程序和控制方式更加具体化,从而对目前存在的问题提出设想,让不安全食品责令召回制度更加完善,以期该制度更好地发挥保障食品安全的作用。
[Abstract]:Food safety is closely related to the life of the public. In order to effectively guarantee the safety of food and further improve the laws and regulations related to food safety, the National people's Congress deliberated and adopted the Food Safety Law of the people's Republic of China on February 28, 2009, and in 2015, The National people's Congress amended the Food Safety Law, established the food production and management license, the safety risk assessment, the production and operation sampling inspection, the recall and so on, and regulated the whole process of food production and operation. In these systems, the recall system is the last barrier to food safety. Although the "Food Safety Law" stipulates administrative penalties, administrative coercion, and other measures in respect of violations of the "Food Safety Law" in its legal liability, this is an ex post facto punishment for the adverse consequences caused by the violation of legal obligations. It has little effect on risk prevention in advance. Therefore, the need for a system in advance risk prevention, to avoid the scope of adverse consequences play a role. The food recall system has this effect. As an integral part of the food recall system, the order recall system is of great significance for exerting the function of the recall system. The recall system of unsafe food is not only a way of food recall, but also a deterrent to urge food producers and operators to recall unsafe food voluntarily. However, there are many problems existing in the order recall system, which affects its function. The recall of unsafe food is a complicated process from its initiation to execution. In this process, the standard of recall, the procedure of recall, the handling of unsafe food and so on, often produce a series of problems. Whether these problems can be solved reasonably affects whether the recall of food orders can proceed smoothly. This article will start with the general situation of the order recall system in our country and the existing problems, aiming at the legal attribute of "order recall" existing in the recall system of ordering unsafe food at present, and the conflict of legislation in different levels. There are conflicts in the subject of supervision, lack of maneuverability of recall procedure, improper setting of legal liability and so on. From the angle of administrative law, this paper discusses the nature of ordering recall, and makes it clear that ordering recall is an administrative order act. Then it analyzes the distribution of authority in the process of ordering recall, according to the principle of due process, sets up the procedure that should be followed by the administrative organ in order to make the procedure and control mode more specific, and then puts forward some ideas about the existing problems. To improve the recall system of unsafe food in order to play a better role in ensuring food safety.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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