慈善私益募捐法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 14:01

本文选题：私益募捐 + 慈善募捐　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的进步、经济的发展。慈善活动日益增多。慈善募捐作为慈善活动的一种方式,在现实生活中广泛存在。慈善募捐从其对象及利益上可分为公益募捐和私益募捐。我国目前针对慈善公益募捐已在《中华人民共和国慈善法》(以下简称《慈善法》)、《慈善组织公开募捐管理办法》(以下简称《公开募捐管理办法》)、《中华人民共和国公益事业捐赠法》(以下简称《公益事业捐赠法》)中进行规范。随着《慈善法》、《公开募捐管理办法》的出台,公益募捐有了进一步的规范。但私益募捐仍未有相关法律对进行规范。实践中慈善私益募捐大量存在,且存在许多问题。本文拟对私益募捐进行基础理论分析,在此基础上结合目前立法上和实践中私益募捐存在的问题,提出实践活动中的建议及制度构建。私益募捐基础理论分析确定私益募捐的概念,厘清私益募捐与募捐的区别。学者在讨论募捐法律问题时,涉及私益募捐、非公益募捐、公益募捐、社会募捐等多个概念。私益募捐基础理论研究首先要确定私益募捐的概念,并与其他概念区分。在私益募捐概念确定之后,笔者对私益募捐的法律性质进行了探讨,并得出私益募捐是一种附条件的赠与合同,捐赠人和受益人为赠与合同的双方当事人。虽然一些学者认为制定《慈善法》时,是将私益募捐纳入慈善法律体系规制的最佳时机,但《慈善法》未采取这种处理。实践中,因为私益募捐无法可依,其在募集人资格、募捐事项公开、募捐剩余财产的归属与处理上存在一定问题。募集人缺乏公信力,募捐事项不真实公开、不充分公开,募捐剩余财产的归属与处理无相关规定。在对私益募捐的基础理论、立法和实践中存在的问题分析、阐述之后,笔者进行私益募捐的法律制度构建设想。对于私益募捐法律制度的立法模式,笔者认为应采用设立单行法的模式调整私益募捐法律规范。采用设立单行法的模式可以保证目前慈善法律体系的稳定。在具体法律制度构建上,主要以解决私益募捐在实践中的困境为出发点,讨论募集人资格、募捐活动信息公开及募捐剩余财产的归属及处理等问题。本文以最新的立法背景为基础,结合近年私益募捐出现的问题,对私益募捐提出法律制度构建,期望私益募捐在实践中能更规范地运作。
[Abstract]:Along with the social progress, the economic development. Philanthropy is on the increase. As a form of charitable activities, charitable fundraising exists widely in real life. Charity fundraising can be divided into public donations and private donations from its object and interests. At present, China has adopted the Law of the people's Republic of China on Charity (hereinafter referred to as the "Charity Law"), the "measures for the Administration of Public fundraising of Charitable organizations" (hereinafter referred to as the "measures for the Administration of Public fundraising"), and the "Public Administration of the people's Republic of China". The Law on Endowment of beneficial undertakings (hereinafter referred to as the Law on donation of Public Welfare) is standardized. With the introduction of the Charity Law and the Administration of Public donations, public donations have been further regulated. However, private fundraising has not been regulated by relevant laws. In practice, there are a large number of charitable private donations, and there are many problems. This article intends to carry on the basic theory analysis to the private benefit collection, on this basis unifies the present legislation and the practice in the private benefit collection existence question, proposed the practice activity suggestion and the system construction. This paper analyzes the basic theory of private interest collection and defines the concept of private interest collection, and clarifies the difference between private interest collection and private interest collection. Scholars discuss the legal issues of collecting donations, including private fundraising, non-public donations, public donations, social donations and other concepts. In the study of the basic theory of private fundraising, we must first define the concept of private fundraising and distinguish it from other concepts. After the concept of private interest collection is determined, the author probes into the legal nature of private interest collection, and concludes that private interest collection is a conditional donation contract, in which the donor and beneficiary are the parties to the donation contract. Although some scholars think that making charity law is the best time to bring private interest collection into the legal system of charity, the charity law does not take this kind of treatment. In practice, there are some problems in the qualification of the collector, the public collection and the ownership and disposal of the surplus property. The fundraiser lacks credibility, the collection is not true and public, and there is no relevant regulation on the ownership and disposal of the surplus property. After analyzing the basic theory, legislation and practice of private interest collection, the author proposes to construct the legal system of private interest collection. As for the legislative model of private interest collection, the author thinks that we should adopt the mode of establishing separate law to adjust the legal norm of private interest collection. The adoption of a single law model can ensure the stability of the current charitable legal system. In the construction of specific legal system, the starting point is to solve the dilemma of private interest collection in practice, and discuss the qualifications of collectors, the information disclosure of fund-raising activities and the ownership and disposal of surplus property. Based on the latest legislative background and the problems of private interest collection in recent years, this paper puts forward a legal system for private interest collection, hoping that private interest collection can operate more regularly in practice.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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