好意同乘损害赔偿民事责任研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 10:47

本文选题：好意同乘 + 情谊行为　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：好意同乘是指好意人邀请或允许搭乘人无偿搭乘的行为，是一种助人为乐的中华传统美德。但是近年来好意同乘损害案件频繁发生，好意同乘损害赔偿民事责任问题已经成为热点和难点。本文以案例入手，对好意同乘损害赔偿民事责任问题进行研究。好意同乘从本质上来说是情谊行为的一种，应当受道德的约束和规范，但一旦发生损害行为，则进入到法律的层面，受法律的干预和调整。笔者通过对好意同乘损害行为的法律性质、损害赔偿的归责原则和司法适用进行研究，提出平衡好意人和搭乘人法律利益的粗浅建议。对好意同乘损害行为法律性质的界定是本文讨论的前提和基础。目前因为对好意同乘的概念、特征、性质存在着不同的学者观点。笔者通过对各个专家观点进行分析，得出好意同乘具有好意性、无偿性的特征，并厘清好意同乘损害行为的法律性质。好意人通过提供非营运车辆与搭乘人达成善意搭乘的合意，实际上是一种单方施惠的事实行为。如果好意人在同乘过程中对搭乘人没有尽到安全保障责任而造成搭乘人损害时，好意人就应承担民事赔偿。对好意同乘损害行为进行研究，就是要处理司法实践中好意同乘损害案件，就是要正确化解好意人与搭乘人之间的利益纠纷。在我国目前尚没有统一立法的情况下，如何对好意同乘损害进行民事赔偿呢？笔者从好意同乘损害行为的构成要件出发，对好意同乘的分类进行细化和阐述，特别是针对几种“易模糊”同乘情形进行辨析，旨在司法实践中准确掌握好易同乘。笔者通过对国内外立法比较、学者观点辨析，提出现阶段好意同乘损害赔偿适用过错原则更为合理，在此基础下将过失相抵规则和公平原则辅助适用。并说明在免责事由中应排除风险自负，对免责协议也应予以限定。构建好意同乘损害赔偿民事责任制度是笔者撰写本文的意义和目的。笔者从道德层面、经济层面、社会层面加以论述，得出构建好意同乘损害赔偿民事责任制度具有必要性，是道德与法治发展的双重需求，是经济社会良性发展的必然要求，是和谐社会的发展助力。最后笔者从立法、车辆保险制度和社会救助基金角度提出自己的建议。本文通过对好意同乘损害行为法律性质、归责原则和免责事由进行研究，总结出好意同乘是一种单方施惠行为，但因造成搭乘人损害而承担赔偿责任。目前以过错原则为归责原则不仅符合法治现状，也符合好意同乘的本质特征，，更是对中华民族传统美德一种激励。笔者提出个人观点和建议，期望对司法实践有抛砖引玉之用。
[Abstract]:The act of inviting or allowing a person to take a ride without charge is a traditional Chinese virtue of helping others. However, in recent years, the cases of good intention and multiplicity damage occur frequently, and the civil liability problem of good will and ride damage compensation has become a hot and difficult point. This article starts with the case, carries on the research to the civil liability question of the good intention same multiplication damage compensation. In essence, comultiplication is a kind of friendship behavior, which should be bound and regulated by morality, but once damage occurs, it enters the level of law and is subject to the intervention and adjustment of law. Based on the study of the legal nature of the act of good will and multiplicity of damages, the principle of imputation of damages and the application of justice, the author puts forward some suggestions on balancing the legal interests of the well-intentioned person and the passenger. The definition of the legal nature of the act of good intention co-multiplication damage is the premise and foundation of this paper. At present, due to the concept, characteristics and properties of good intentions comultiplication, there are different scholars' views. Based on the analysis of various experts' views, the author draws the conclusion that the well-intentioned co-multiplication has the characteristics of kindness and gratuitous, and clarifies the legal nature of the well-intentioned co-multiplicative damage. It is in fact a unilateral act of fact that a well-intentioned person agrees to take a ride in good faith by providing a non-operating vehicle. If the well-intentioned person fails to fulfill his responsibility for safety and security in the process of co-riding, the goodwill person shall bear civil compensation. To study the behavior of good intention and ride damage is to deal with the case of good intention and ride damage in judicial practice, and to resolve the dispute of interest between the person with good intention and the passenger correctly. Under the condition that our country has not yet unified legislation, how to carry on the civil compensation to the well-intentioned co-multiplicative damage? Starting from the constitutive elements of the act of good intention and multiplicative damage, the author refines and expounds the classification of the good intention and multiplicative behavior, especially in view of several kinds of "easy ambiguity" and multiplicative cases, in order to accurately grasp the easy co-multiplication in judicial practice. Based on the comparison of domestic and foreign legislation and the analysis of scholars' viewpoint, the author puts forward that the principle of fault is more reasonable to apply to compensation for damages due to good intentions at this stage, and on this basis, the principle of offset of fault and the principle of equity are applied. It also explains that the risk-bearing should be excluded from the exoneration, and the disclaimer agreement should be limited. It is the meaning and purpose of the author to construct the civil liability system of compensation for damages. The author discusses from the aspects of morality, economy and society, and draws the conclusion that it is necessary to construct the civil liability system of compensation for damages, which is the dual demand of the development of morality and the rule of law, and the inevitable requirement of the benign development of economy and society. It is the development of harmonious society. Finally, the author puts forward his own suggestions from the angle of legislation, vehicle insurance system and social assistance fund. Based on the study of the legal nature, the principle of imputation and the reason of exemption, this paper concludes that the good intention co-multiplication is a unilateral act of favour, but it is liable for the damage caused by the passenger on board. At present, taking the principle of fault as the principle of imputation not only accords with the present situation of the rule of law, but also accords with the essential characteristics of good intentions and multiplications, and it also encourages the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. The author puts forward personal views and suggestions, hoping to be useful for judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923;D922.14

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