京津冀生态补偿法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 01:02

本文选题：环境保护 + 生态补偿　；参考：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：京津冀地处东部地区，在经济社会发展的过程中，资源环境问题日益突出，生态平衡不断被破坏。然而在解决该问题时往往各行政区域独立解决，而成效却不明显，根源就在于没有看到生态环境的整体性和价值性。京津冀地区在发展中，大城市大量免费使用周边的公共生态资源与环境，，而没有进行任何回报，造成了生态资源供给地区的生态紊乱。生态资源供给地区却因贫困落后无力独立承担生态环境的恢复与重建，这样就出现了北京等城市与周边地区的整体环境问题。所以应该建立京津冀统一的生态保护法律机制，改善发展中的生态环境。京津冀生态补偿正是通过某种制度的具体设计，实现让生态受益者支付一定成本，从而解决生态产品搭便车的现象，以便达到生态产品与服务良性供给的法律机制。通过京津冀生态补偿相关法律机制的构建，既可以实现对损害生态环境行为的惩罚与侵占他人生存环境的赔偿，也可以达到生态环境中受益者对受损者进行补偿，更能通过增加投入以实现恢复与改善整个生态环境相关生态功能目的。因此，本文认为，京津冀生态补偿的构建需要从具体生态问题出发，运用生态补偿法律理论对其进行深入剖析，找出京津冀生态补偿的具体补偿主体和补偿对象，通过分析京津冀的生态现状，得出补偿的具体标准和内容，从而为京津冀生态补偿法律机制的构建提供参考。本文通过对国内外已有的生态补偿法律实践的考察发现，虽然我国法律通过环境保护的相关法律法规，做出了污染者治理与赔偿的原则性规定。但生态补偿的相关制度还很缺乏，京津冀地区的具体实践也不多，仅在一些具体工程项目上，对生态恢复进行建设，而忽视了对另一补偿对象的赔偿，这在京冀共建官厅水库和张家口、承德为保障水质而进行生态恢复与建设的具体项目中尤为明显。对此，本文提出了建立和完善资源环境产权、排污权、生态公共产品定价为主要内容的生态补偿基本法律制度，并通过制定生态补偿的税费、生态补偿保证金、生态补偿基金等具体的生态补偿法律法规，实现生态补偿的市场化运营与行政干预的良好界限，推动生态补偿实现途径的多元化。本文从京津冀的具体实际出发，分析京津冀各地方的生态供需现状，以明确各地方在生态补偿中的地位和作用，希望通过建立京津冀区域间的生态补偿长效机制，以改变现有的以中央财政的转移支付为主的生态补偿资金来源体系，在对京津冀生态补偿的税费制度进行改革和设置相应试点的基础上，试行市场化的生态补偿机制，从而实现谁补偿、补给谁、补多少的新突破。对国际生态补偿机制中出现的瓶颈提出自己的看法，为京津冀地方性《生态补偿条例》的起草提供参考。
[Abstract]:Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are located in the east of China. In the process of economic and social development, the problem of resources and environment is increasingly prominent, and the ecological balance is constantly destroyed. However, when solving this problem, the administrative regions often solve the problem independently, but the effect is not obvious. The root of this problem lies in not seeing the integrity and value of the ecological environment. In the development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the large cities use the public ecological resources and environment of the surrounding area for free, without any return, resulting in the ecological disorder of the ecological resources supply area. However, the ecological resources supply area is unable to bear the restoration and reconstruction of the ecological environment independently because of poverty and backwardness. Therefore, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei should establish a unified legal mechanism of ecological protection and improve the developing ecological environment. The ecological compensation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is precisely through the concrete design of a certain system to realize the ecological beneficiaries to pay a certain cost, so as to solve the phenomenon of free-rider of ecological products, so as to achieve the legal mechanism of benign supply of ecological products and services. Through the construction of the relevant legal mechanism of ecological compensation in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, we can not only realize the punishment for the damage to the ecological environment and the compensation for the encroachment on the living environment of others, but also make up the beneficiaries' compensation for the injured in the ecological environment. The purpose of restoring and improving the ecological function of the whole ecological environment can be achieved by increasing the investment. Therefore, this paper holds that the construction of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological compensation should proceed from the specific ecological problems, use the ecological compensation law theory to deeply analyze it, and find out the specific compensatory subject and object of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological compensation. By analyzing the ecological situation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the concrete standards and contents of the compensation are obtained, which provides a reference for the construction of the legal mechanism of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ecological compensation. This article through the domestic and foreign existing ecological compensation legal practice investigation found that although our country law through the environmental protection related laws and regulations has made the polluter management and the compensation principle stipulation. However, the relevant system of ecological compensation is still lacking, and the concrete practice in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is not much. Only in some specific projects, ecological restoration is built, but compensation to another compensation object is neglected. This is especially evident in the construction of Guanting Reservoir and Zhangjiakou in Beijing and Hebei, and the ecological restoration and construction in Chengde to ensure water quality. In view of this, this paper puts forward the basic legal system of ecological compensation, which mainly includes the property right of resources and environment, the right to discharge pollution and the pricing of ecological public goods, and by making the tax and fee of ecological compensation, the deposit of ecological compensation is put forward. The specific ecological compensation laws and regulations, such as the ecological compensation fund, realize the good boundary between the market-oriented operation of ecological compensation and administrative intervention, and promote the diversification of the ways to realize ecological compensation. Based on the concrete reality of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, this paper analyzes the present situation of ecological supply and demand in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, in order to clarify the status and role of each place in ecological compensation, hoping to establish a long-term mechanism of ecological compensation between Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions. On the basis of reforming the tax and fee system of ecological compensation in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and setting up corresponding pilot projects, we will try out a market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism by changing the existing source system of ecological compensation funds based on the transfer payment of central finance, and on the basis of reforming the tax and fee system of ecological compensation in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, Thus realize who compensates, supplies who, how many new breakthroughs. The author puts forward his own views on the bottleneck of the international ecological compensation mechanism and provides reference for the drafting of the local ecological compensation regulations in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.68

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