论民事纠纷的行政调解制度完善

发布时间：2018-05-31 17:38

本文选题：民事纠纷 + 行政调解制度　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事纠纷无处不在，充斥着我们日常生活的每个角落。随着改革开放和城市化的推进，民事纠纷呈现出复杂、多元化的特点，单一的诉讼解纷机制无法满足社会需要，非诉讼纠纷解决机制开始走上历史舞台，并越来越发挥着重要作用。行政调解作为非诉讼纠纷解决机制中历史悠久的一种解纷手段，倍受青睐。相对于其他的非诉讼纠纷解决机制，行政调解具有无可比拟的优势，在我国具有很大的发展潜力和发挥空间。一方面是由于传统调解制度中蕴含的深厚法律文化仍符合当今的价值导向，另一方面是由于传统调解的制度设计可以为今天行政调解制度的完善提供良好借鉴。行政调解在民事纠纷调解体系中的重要作用毋庸置疑，但我国目前对行政调解的规定还很少，只在一些法律法规及规章中有零散的规定，且混乱不统一，难以形成统一体系，即使是零散细碎的规定，也存在着许多不足和缺陷，，特别是在行政调解立法、适用范围、程序规范、行政调解协议法律效力、调解机构设置、救济机制有效衔接等方面存在需要系统改进和完善的地方。本文从民事纠纷在我国的存在现状入手，指出发展和完善行政调解制度对我国民事纠纷化解和实现社会和谐稳定的必要性。通过对传统调解制度的发展历程和运行情况进行梳理，展现行政调解制度在民事纠纷化解中的优越性以及完善行政调解制度的必要性和可行性。分别从制度、运作、基础和理念四个层面对现阶段行政调解制度在化解民事纠纷中遇到的困境进行分析，查找问题产生的原因，寻求解决办法。在借鉴法国调解专员制度、美国联邦调解调停局运作方式和日本行政调解制度的基础上，结合我国民事纠纷调解面临的现实困境，提出推进行政调解法治思维与法治进程，从理念入手为行政调解营造良好发展环境；适当扩大行政调解民事纠纷的范围，在适当拓展民事纠纷和行政纠纷调解范围的基础上，将信访事件纳入行政调解范围；规范行政调解民事纠纷的程序，引入行政告知制度和积极沟通制度；在民事纠纷调解中赋予当事人听证权；明确行政调解协议的法律效力，树立行政调解的威信，促进社会诚信体系建设；建立调解与诉讼的有效衔接，主要通过立法明确行政调解与诉讼在程序上和效力上的有效衔接；加强行政调解队伍建设，共计7个方面的完善建议和具体对策。笔者希望，本文的撰写能够对完善我国民事纠纷的行政调解制度贡献一份绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:Civil disputes are everywhere, filled with every corner of our daily life. With the development of reform and opening up and urbanization, civil disputes show complex and diversified characteristics. The single litigation dispute resolution mechanism can not meet the needs of the society, and the non-litigation dispute resolution mechanism has begun to take the historical stage. And more play an important role. Administrative mediation, as a method of resolving disputes with a long history in non-litigation dispute resolution mechanism, is very popular. Compared with other non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms, administrative mediation has unparalleled advantages and has great development potential and space in China. On the one hand, the profound legal culture contained in the traditional mediation system is still in line with the value orientation of the present day; on the other hand, the design of the traditional mediation system can provide a good reference for the improvement of the administrative mediation system today. There is no doubt that administrative mediation plays an important role in the system of civil dispute mediation. However, there are few regulations on administrative mediation in our country at present. There are only scattered provisions in some laws, regulations and rules, and they are chaotic and inconsistent, so it is difficult to form a unified system. Even the piecemeal provisions have many shortcomings and shortcomings, especially in the legislation of administrative mediation, the scope of application, the specification of procedures, the legal effect of administrative mediation agreements, and the setting up of mediation institutions. There is a need for systematic improvement and perfection in the effective connection of relief mechanism. Starting from the existing situation of civil disputes in China, this paper points out the necessity of developing and perfecting administrative mediation system to resolve civil disputes and realize social harmony and stability. Through combing the development course and operation of the traditional mediation system, it shows the superiority of the administrative mediation system in the civil dispute resolution and the necessity and feasibility of perfecting the administrative mediation system. From four aspects of system, operation, foundation and concept, this paper analyzes the difficulties encountered in resolving civil disputes in the present administrative mediation system, finds out the causes of the problems, and looks for solutions to the problems. On the basis of drawing lessons from the French mediation commissioner system, the operation mode of the United States Federal Conciliation Mediation Bureau and the Japanese administrative mediation system, combined with the practical difficulties faced by the mediation of civil disputes in China, this paper puts forward the idea of promoting the rule of law and the process of the rule of law in administrative mediation. Based on the concept of administrative mediation, we should build a good development environment for administrative mediation, expand the scope of civil disputes of administrative mediation, and bring the matter of petition into the scope of administrative mediation on the basis of properly expanding the scope of civil dispute and administrative dispute mediation. Standardizing the procedure for administrative mediation of civil disputes, introducing the system of administrative notification and active communication, giving the parties the right of hearing in the mediation of civil disputes, clarifying the legal effect of the agreement on administrative mediation, and establishing the authority of administrative mediation, To promote the construction of social credit system, to establish an effective link between mediation and litigation, mainly through legislation to clarify the effective link between administrative mediation and litigation in procedure and effectiveness, to strengthen the construction of administrative mediation team, A total of seven aspects of the improvement of the proposal and specific countermeasures. The author hopes that the writing of this paper can contribute a little to the perfection of administrative mediation system of civil disputes in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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