论政府信息公开制度中的个人隐私

发布时间：2018-06-19 02:42

本文选题：政府信息公开 + 个人隐私　；参考：《中国政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：政府各部门在治国理政、管理社会、提供服务的过程中深入接触、渗透社会各领域,积累、掌握了数量庞大、种类繁多的各种情报、信息。这其中大部分信息都是可以向公众公开、分享的。在公民获取政府信息的过程中,其知情权总会遇到其他权利和利益发生冲突,一部分信息因为涉及各类其他利益,无法向公众公开,这就是政府信息公开中的例外规则。这些例外规则规定了诸多不应被公开的信息类别,其中的“个人隐私”,由于涉及个体的私密信息,若被肆意公开会导致权利人隐私被曝光、私人空间被干预,也被纳为政府信息公开的例外事项之一。相比于“国家秘密”和“商业秘密”分别在《保密法》和《反不正当竞争法》中都有清晰的界定,“个人隐私”并没有一个法律明文界定的范围。在实践中,个人隐私的鉴别和区分常常缺乏一个固定的标准,行政机关和司法机关就掌握了较大的自由裁量权,容易产生将“个人隐私”作政府信息不公开的挡箭牌,亦或者将本属于个人隐私的信息公开,践踏了公民隐私权。鉴于司法和行政实践中对个人隐私范围的模糊界定,本文在第一章中,首先抛出全文希望解决的界定隐私的问题,列举出一些具有代表性的案例和隐私界定问题,分析个人隐私“界定难、界定乱”的现实困境,并且规划一条能够逐步理清思路、总结出标准的研究途径。第二章将集中笔墨介绍政府信息公开排除规则,阐述其制度,介绍其具体原理,为下文的分析指明方向、做好背景铺垫。第三章将从历史角度、权利设立发展角度、各部门法框架内的角度分别界定隐私和隐私权,通过隐私权概念内涵的演变以及各部门法中隐私权相互统一又彼此相异的对比,归纳出政府信息公开制度下隐私应当具备的特征和界定方式。第四章立足于美国、德国两个国家文化背景,比较分析了两国对信息自由中隐私权保护方式的理论依据、具体立法规定以及实践操作界定,总结出对我国界定个人隐私有借鉴价值。最后一章将依据全文分析所得对“个人隐私”规制在一个明确的范围内,并设计配套界定规则帮助在现实中有效界定,尝试改变对其定义边界模糊、适用混乱的局面。
[Abstract]:In the process of governing the country, managing the society and providing services, the various departments of the government have deeply contacted, infiltrated various fields of society, accumulated and grasped a large number of various kinds of information and information. Most of this information can be made public and shared. In the process of obtaining government information, citizens' right to know is always in conflict with other rights and interests. Some of the information cannot be opened to the public because of its various kinds of other interests. This is the exception rule in the government information disclosure. These exceptions set out a number of categories of information that should not be made public, including "personal privacy," in which private space is interfered with, if arbitrarily disclosed, because of private information involving individuals. Also accepted as one of the exceptions to the disclosure of government information. Compared with "state secret" and "trade secret", which are clearly defined in the Secrets Act and the Anti-unfair Competition Law respectively, "personal Privacy" does not have an explicit scope defined by law. In practice, the identification and differentiation of personal privacy often lacks a fixed standard, and the administrative and judicial organs have a relatively large discretion, which is easy to use "personal privacy" as a shield for government information not to be disclosed. Or will belong to the personal privacy of the information disclosure, trampling on the right to privacy of citizens. In view of the fuzzy definition of the scope of personal privacy in judicial and administrative practice, in the first chapter, this paper first throws out the problem of defining privacy that the full text wants to solve, and lists some representative cases and privacy issues. This paper analyzes the dilemma of personal privacy, which is "difficult to define and chaotic", and plans a research approach that can gradually clarify the thinking and summarize the standard. The second chapter will focus on the government information disclosure exclusion rules, explain its system, introduce its specific principles, for the following analysis to point out the direction, do a good job of the background. The third chapter will define privacy and privacy separately from the perspective of history, the establishment of rights and the development of rights. Through the evolution of the concept of the right to privacy and the contrast of the right to privacy in different departments, the right of privacy is unified and different from each other. The characteristics and defining ways of privacy under the government information disclosure system are summarized. The fourth chapter is based on the cultural background of the United States and Germany, and compares the theoretical basis, the specific legislative provisions and the practical definition of privacy protection in the freedom of information between the two countries. Summary of the definition of personal privacy in China has reference value. In the last chapter, according to the analysis of the full text, the regulation of "personal privacy" is defined within a clear scope, and the matching definition rules are designed to help to effectively define it in reality, and try to change the situation that the definition boundary is blurred and the chaos is applied.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1;D923

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