行政不作为的国家赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 18:09

本文选题：行政不作为 + 国家赔偿责任　；参考：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：行政不作为是相对于行政作为而言的一种行政主体未履行其法定义务和职责的违法行政行为。行政不作为同样会损害行政相对人的合法权益,进而引发国家赔偿责任问题。追究行政主体不作为的国家赔偿责任,是控制行政主体不作为、督促其履行行政作为义务的重要手段之一。我国现行《国家赔偿法》对于行政不作为的国家赔偿责任规定并不明确,一定程度上影响了行政相对人合法权益的保护,因此,本文拟对行政不作为的国家赔偿责任进行相对系统的研究和阐述。全文共三万余字,分四个部分,要点如下：本文第一部分对行政不作为进行了理论分析,介绍了国内外各种关于行政不作为的概念定义,通过分析对比,笔者认为行政不作为是指行政主体负有某种法定行政作为义务,并且具有履行义务的可能性,但却未履行义务的行政行为。之后则对行政不作为的违法性、法律拟制、消极性和隐藏性的特征进行了分析。我们可以得知行政不作为相对于行政作为而言,它是一种由法律拟制的违法行为,由于未直接给受害人造成侵权,因此又有隐藏性等特征。接下来文章又对行政不作为的构成要件进行了分析,笔者主要是从行政不作为的主体要件、行政不作为的主观方面要件和行政不作为的客观方面要件三个方面对行政不作为进行了深入的分析,最后结合以上理论对一个实践中的案例进行了分析。本文第二部分对行政不作为的国家赔偿责任理论基础做了介绍,首先是对国家赔偿责任的发展历史做了梳理,然后对行政不作为的国家赔偿责任产生和发展历史做了介绍。通过对其发展历史的了解,我们可以得知国家赔偿责任和行政不作为的国家赔偿都是当代民主政治和法律制度不断发展的产物,它们是社会文明进步的表现。接着文章对行政不作为国家赔偿责任的理论变迁做了介绍,从中我们可以看出行政不作为的国家赔偿责任受当时社会条件和具体制度的制约,表现出了各自不同的理论,但是其呈现出一个规律,那就是经历了由否定到肯定的一个过程。本文第三部分为行政不作为国家赔偿责任的构成要件,主要是从主体要件、行为要件损害事实要件和因果关系要件来四个方面进行了分析。行政不作为与行政作为的主体没有什么差别,在行为要件方面,行政不作为要求行政主体有作为的法定义务和职责,并且行政主体具有履行作为义务的能力,但却未履行。在损害事实要件方面我们应该看出,损害的发生是国家赔偿责任产生的前提条件之一。法律上的损害一般是权利主体的人身权利、财产权利以及其他利益受到侵害的客观事实。因果关系探讨的是行政不作为行为与损害结果之间的一种逻辑关联,它是连接行政不作为与损害结果的纽带。因果关系是行为与损害结果之间的引起与之被引起的客观联系,作为原因的行为既包括积极的作为,也包括消极的不作为。文章第四部分是结尾部分,对行政不作为的国家赔偿制度提出了完善建议,主要是从行政不作为的立法认定、举证责任和赔偿程序三方面着手的。我国现行法律对行政不作为并无明确统一的规定,不利于行政相对人合法权益的保护,并给司法实务带来困难。因此笔者建议,我们应将行政不作为明确纳入国家赔偿范畴,在法律上对其进行明确界定。在举证责任方面,笔者先分析了影响举证责任分配的因素,其中立法目的和行政不作为的特性对举证责任的分配有着重要影响。然后对行政不作为国家赔偿立案阶段、判断是否存在行政不作为、判断是否给予国家赔偿这三个阶段的举证责任提出了完善建议。在完善行政不作为的国家赔偿的程序方面,笔者认为先行处理程序存在不合理地方,需要改进。然后提出了在赔偿程序上先民事后行政的主张,这主要是针对行政不作为中的混合侵权行为的。
[Abstract]:Administrative inaction is an illegal administrative act that does not perform its legal obligations and duties relative to the administrative body. Administrative inaction will also damage the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative relative, and then cause the problem of state compensation liability. The current state compensation law of China is not clear about the state compensation liability for administrative inaction, which affects the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative counterpart to some extent. Therefore, this paper intends to make a relative systematic study and exposition of the state compensation liability for administrative inaction. The text has a total of 30000 words and is divided into four parts. The main points are as follows:
The first part of this paper makes a theoretical analysis of administrative inaction and introduces various definitions of administrative omission at home and abroad. Through analysis and comparison, the author thinks that administrative omission is the administrative act that the administrative subject has a certain statutory administration as an obligation and has the possibility of fulfilling obligations, but has not fulfilled its obligations. Then we analyze the characteristics of illegality, legal system, negativity and concealment of administrative omission. We can learn that administrative omission is a kind of illegal act made by law as far as administrative act is concerned, because it is not directly infringed on the victim, because it has the characteristics of concealment and so on. The composition of the inaction is analyzed. The author mainly analyzes the administrative inaction in three aspects from the main elements of the administrative inaction, the subjective elements of the administrative inaction and the objective elements of the administrative omission, and finally analyzes the cases in a practice combined with the above theory.
The second part of this article introduces the theoretical foundation of the state compensation liability for administrative inaction, first of all, to sort out the history of the development of the state compensation liability, and then to introduce the history of the state compensation liability and the history of the development of the state compensation liability. The state compensation for non action is the product of the continuous development of contemporary democratic politics and legal system. They are the performance of social civilization and progress. Then, the article introduces the theoretical changes of the administrative inaction of state compensation liability, from which we can see that the state compensation liability for the administrative inaction is subject to the social conditions and the specific system at that time. Constraints show different theories, but they show a rule that they experience a process from negation to affirmation.
The third part of this article is the constituent elements of the state compensation liability for administrative inaction, mainly from the main elements, the damage of the facts and the factors of causality. There is no difference between the administrative inaction and the main body of the administration. In the aspect of behavior, the administrative inaction requires the administrative subject to act as the main part. The legal obligation and responsibility, and the administrative subject has the ability to perform as an obligation, but it has not been fulfilled. In the case of damage to the facts, we should see that the occurrence of the damage is one of the prerequisites of the state's liability for compensation. The legal damage is generally the personal right of the right subject, the property rights and other interests are invaded. The relationship between administrative inaction and the result of damage is a link between administrative omission and the result of damage. It is the link between administrative inaction and the result of damage. Causality is an objective connection between behavior and the result of damage. Extreme omission.
The fourth part of the article is the end part. It puts forward some suggestions on the state compensation system of administrative inaction, mainly from the three aspects of the legislative determination of administrative inaction, the burden of proof and the procedure of compensation. The author suggests that we should clearly define administrative inaction into the category of state compensation and define it clearly in the law. In the aspect of the burden of proof, the author first analyzes the factors that affect the distribution of the burden of proof, in which the characteristics of the legislative purpose and the administrative inaction are important to the distribution of the burden of proof. And then to the stage of the administrative inaction of the state compensation, judge whether there is the existence of administrative omission, judge whether to give the state compensation in the three stages of the burden of proof put forward suggestions. In the improvement of the state compensation procedure of the administrative inaction, the author thinks that there is an unreasonable place in the procedure of the first place, and then it needs to be improved. It puts forward the idea of civil post administration in the procedure of compensation, mainly aiming at the mixed tort in administrative omission.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

【参考文献】