长三角流域水污染统筹治理法治路径研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 18:02

本文选题：长三角 + 水污染　；参考：《浙江农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是人类生产生活不可缺少的重要组成部分,但地球上真正可供人类利用的水资源并不多。中国正处于工业化和城镇化加快的阶段,国际经验表明,这个阶段正是能源资源消耗、污染排放强度加大时期,资源环境约束更加凸显。我国目前水资源污染难以控制,防治工作总是得不到想要的效果,主要原因是因为水资源本身具有流动性,转移性,一个地方的污染,往往会随着水流转移到其他区域,这也是本文的提到的跨区域水资源污染——从一个区域扩展到另一个区域。我国传统的区域概念主要指的是行政区域,本文所指的跨流域主要指跨省、市、县,文章首先论述了跨区域水资源污染的概念,目前我国的现状以及原因分析,从现状中能够看出,我国跨流域水资源污染的现状不容乐观,治理工作难度较大,跨流域水资源污染防治要以行政区域为单位,以整体为原则,各个区域相互作用,才能达到预想的治理效果。其次介绍了美国和欧洲的跨流域水资源法律制度以及治理的实践,从国外的经验能看出,跨流域水资源污染治理要以系统整体的法律体系为基础,以充裕的资金为保障进行,同时在治理过程中的权力明确也是至关重要的。再次进一步分析了我国跨区域水资源污染防治法律制度存在的问题,目前跨区域水资源污染法律制度立法缺乏系统性,执法缺乏权威性,在管理制度方面,各部门权限划分不清,导致治理工作难以进行,在以区域管理制度为基础的污染防治工作中,不免会出现地方政府关系难以协调,为各自利益牺牲环境的情况,这些都是我国跨区域水资源污染防治法律制度中存在的问题。最后根据之前提到的问题提出了建议,跨区域水资源污染法律制度的完善要以有一个系统的法律作为基础,借鉴国外的经验,制定一部专门的流域法,提高流域机构的执法地位,使其真正的发挥其作用,同时针对目前地区之间的竞争合作关系,需要建立一个统一的机制来协调,从根本上抑制为了自身利益牺牲环境的现象。综上所述,跨区域水资源污染防治工作是我国水资源污染防治中的难点和重点,加大对跨区域水资源污染防治工作的力度,是水资源有效利用和可持续发展的基础。我国在水污染防治工作的20多年里,也积累了一定的经验,同时也取得了一定的成效,只是对于目前存在的立法上、执法上、以及行政管理体制等方面都还存在问题,一直没有得到实质性的解决。跨区域水资源污染防治工作必须在实践中结合我国的国情不断探索。
[Abstract]:Water is an indispensable part of human production and life, but there are few water resources available for human use on the earth. China is in the stage of accelerating industrialization and urbanization. International experience shows that this stage is precisely the period of energy and resource consumption, pollution emission intensity increasing, and resource and environment constraints more prominent. At present, the pollution of water resources in our country is difficult to control, and the prevention and control work is always unable to get the desired effect. The main reason is that the water resources themselves are mobile and transferable, and the pollution in one place tends to move to other areas with the flow of water. This is also the cross-regional water pollution mentioned in this paper-extending from one region to another. The traditional regional concept of our country mainly refers to the administrative region, the cross-basin in this paper mainly refers to the inter-province, the city, the county. The article first discusses the concept of the trans-regional water resources pollution, the present situation and the reason analysis of our country. It can be seen from the present situation that the current situation of water resources pollution across river basins in our country is not optimistic, and it is more difficult to control water resources pollution across river basins. The prevention and control of water resources pollution across river basins should be based on administrative areas, on the principle of the whole, and on the interaction of different regions. In order to achieve the desired governance effect. Secondly, it introduces the law system and the practice of water resources management in the United States and Europe. From the experience of foreign countries, it can be seen that the management of water resources pollution across the river basin should be based on the legal system of the whole system and be guaranteed by abundant funds. At the same time in the process of governance is clear power is also crucial. It further analyzes the problems existing in the legal system of prevention and control of cross-regional water resources pollution in China. At present, the legislation of the cross-regional water resources pollution legal system is not systematic, the law enforcement lacks authority, and the management system is concerned. As a result of the unclear division of the powers of various departments, it is difficult to carry out the control work. In the pollution prevention work based on the regional management system, it is inevitable that local government relations are difficult to coordinate and the environment is sacrificed for their respective interests. These are the problems existing in the legal system of cross-regional water resources pollution prevention and control in China. Finally, according to the problems mentioned above, some suggestions are put forward. The perfection of the trans-regional water resources pollution legal system should be based on a systematic law and draw lessons from the experience of foreign countries to formulate a special watershed law. It is necessary to establish a unified mechanism to coordinate and restrain the phenomenon of sacrificing the environment for the sake of its own interests by improving the law enforcement status of the watershed institutions and making them play a real role. To sum up, the prevention and control of trans-regional water resources pollution is the difficulty and key point in the prevention and control of water resources pollution in China. Strengthening the prevention and control of cross-regional water resources pollution is the basis for the effective utilization and sustainable development of water resources. In the more than 20 years of water pollution prevention and control, our country has also accumulated certain experience and achieved certain results. However, there are still problems in the existing legislation, law enforcement, and administrative management system, etc. There has been no substantive resolution. The prevention and control of cross-regional water resources pollution must be combined with the situation of our country in practice.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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