我国强制医疗的困境与出路

发布时间：2018-07-04 12:36

本文选题：强制医疗 + 刑事政策　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于危险触法精神病人引发的不安氛围和引人侧目的危险事件，，当下社会的人民群众的安全和正常生活受到了极大的影响。《刑事诉讼法》新增一章“依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的强制医疗程序”，专门从法律层面来应对这类危险人群的管理和治疗问题，这对于触法精神病人的处遇问题具有里程碑的意义。强制医疗制度正式实施已有一年的时间，其运行实效并非理想，各个实践部门反映出了新制度的规范尚不完善，还不足以支撑强制医疗制度的正常运作；而随着我国法治的发展和新制度与司法实践相互作用，在理论上强制医疗制度也有了新发展，许多问题还需要进一步讨论和厘清。因此，在强制医疗制度出台一年之际，有必要对强制医疗制度现行的法律原理、制度框架、法律条文以及司法实践进行分析解构，剖析强制医疗制度面临的困难和缺陷，寻求理论和制度构建方面的出路和完善。本文主要包括四个部分：第一章探讨了强制医疗制度产生的刑罚理论基础，厘清强制医疗的基本性质，以及比较国外典型国家的立法实践。从根本上厘清强制医疗制度遵循的基本理论是与现行的刑法“行为论”完全不同的“人身危险论”，其制度本身具有人权保障和秩序维护两大主要目的，并根据我国的司法实际对强制医疗的性质进行了重新定位，揭示了促进强制医疗制度发展和完善的根本矛盾。第二章对强制医疗构成要件的建构。在现有的法律条文中，强制医疗的构成要件并没有完整地提出，以致于在司法实践中大部分的精力和资源集中在了医学专业问题的探讨而忽略了其他要件。为了避免这种情况，本章在应然层面上罗列并逐一分析了强制医疗的构成要件，为分析司法实践中强制医疗存在的问题奠定基础。第三章和第四章是本文的重点。第三章主要阐述了强制医疗的现实中理论和实践中存在的困境。在第二部分理性建构的分析上，通过相似制度的类比、国内外比较借鉴等方法，在实然层面上指出了，在我国强制医疗在理论和价值选择的两难困境，立法中存在传统刑法理论与强制医疗刑罚理论的冲突，司法证明以及专门问题的认定方面存在的困境，为后文的制度完善构想做好铺垫。第四章是针对强制医疗制度的困境的思考与建议。本章对应前文所提到的一系列问题，首先在理论上确立了平衡人权和秩序价值取向，并为了统一刑事法律做了相应的立法建议。其次结合国内外有益的立法和制度经验，试图在我国法治改革完善过程中司法资源整合之际，在理论、实践以及配套制度方面，完善强制医疗制度。
[Abstract]:As a result of the disturbing atmosphere and eye-catching dangerous events caused by the mentally ill who are in danger of being in contact with the law, The safety and normal life of the people in the present society have been greatly affected. The new chapter of the Criminal procedure Law is "compulsory medical procedures for mental patients who are not criminally responsible according to law." It is significant to deal with the management and treatment of this kind of dangerous people from the legal level, which is a milestone for the treatment of mental patients. It has been one year since the compulsory medical system was formally implemented, and its actual effect is not ideal. The practice departments reflect that the norms of the new system are not perfect enough to support the normal operation of the compulsory medical system. With the development of the rule of law and the interaction between the new system and the judicial practice, the compulsory medical system in theory also has a new development, many problems need to be further discussed and clarified. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and deconstruct the current legal principles, institutional framework, legal provisions and judicial practice of the compulsory medical system at the time of the introduction of the compulsory medical system for one year, and to analyze the difficulties and defects that the compulsory medical system faces. Seek the way out and perfect in theory and system construction. This paper mainly includes four parts: the first chapter discusses the theoretical basis of compulsory medical care system, clarifies the basic nature of compulsory medical care, and compares the legislative practice of foreign typical countries. The basic theory that the compulsory medical system follows is "personal danger theory" which is completely different from the current criminal law "behavior theory". The system itself has two main purposes: human rights protection and order maintenance. According to the judicial practice of our country, the author reorientates the nature of compulsory medical treatment, and reveals the fundamental contradiction that promotes the development and perfection of compulsory medical treatment system. The second chapter constructs the constitution of compulsory medical treatment. In the existing legal provisions, the constitutive elements of compulsory medical treatment have not been put forward completely, so most of the energy and resources in judicial practice are focused on the discussion of medical professional problems, while ignoring the other elements. In order to avoid this kind of situation, this chapter lists and analyzes the constitutive elements of compulsory medical treatment one by one, which lays a foundation for the analysis of the problems existing in the compulsory medical treatment in judicial practice. The third and fourth chapters are the focus of this paper. The third chapter mainly expounds the dilemma in the theory and practice of compulsory medical treatment. In the second part of the rational construction of the analysis, through the analogy of similar systems, domestic and foreign comparison and other methods, in the realistic level pointed out, in our country compulsory medical treatment in theory and value choice dilemma, There are conflicts between the traditional criminal law theory and the compulsory medical penalty theory in the legislation, and the difficulties in the judicial proof and the identification of the special problems, which pave the way for the later ideas of perfecting the system. The fourth chapter is the thinking and suggestion on the dilemma of compulsory medical system. This chapter corresponds to a series of problems mentioned above. Firstly, it establishes the value orientation of balancing human rights and order in theory, and makes corresponding legislative suggestions in order to unify the criminal law. Secondly, combining the beneficial legislative and institutional experience at home and abroad, this paper tries to perfect the compulsory medical system in theory, practice and supporting system when the judicial resources are integrated in the process of the reform and perfection of the rule of law in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2;D922.16

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