食品安全惩罚性赔偿制度的法经济学分析

发布时间：2018-07-05 12:56

本文选题：惩罚性赔偿 + 食品安全　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2015年05期

【摘要】：惩罚性赔偿制度,是法律为了从经济上提高违法犯罪嫌疑人的违法成本,遏制不法行为的发生和蔓延,而授权法院可以判处不法行为人的赔偿数额超出其行为实际造成损害数额的一种损害赔偿制度。从法经济学角度分析,该制度使得违法行为人的违法成本远远超出其违法所得,并警醒潜在违法人远离违法活动。然而,我国2015年4月通过的《食品安全法》第148条中规定的"惩罚性赔偿制度"虽然明确了生产者和经营者的首负责任制,并调整了赔偿基数和赔偿数额,但仍然不是真正意义上的惩罚性赔偿制度,因为其设计的食品安全违法成本远小于其违法所得,且消费者维权成本与维权所得比例极不协调,致使食品安全问题无从解决。所以,有必要从主观要件、赔偿金数额计算标准、相关因素考量、配套制度等方面重新构建一个符合经济合理性的食品安全惩罚性赔偿制度,进而有效发挥惩罚性赔偿的功能。
[Abstract]:The system of punitive damages is designed by the law to increase the illegal costs of criminal suspects economically and to curb the occurrence and spread of illegal acts. The court is authorized to award damages to the wrongdoers in excess of the actual amount of damages caused by their actions. From the point of view of law and economics, the system makes the illegal cost of the perpetrator far exceed the illegal gains, and cautions the potential lawbreakers to stay away from illegal activities. However, the "punitive damages system" stipulated in Article 148 of the Food Safety Law adopted in April 2015 in China, although it clarifies the first negative responsibility system of producers and operators, and adjusts the base of compensation and the amount of compensation. However, it is still not a punitive compensation system in the real sense, because the illegal cost of food safety is far less than its illegal income, and the proportion of consumer rights protection costs and rights protection income is very inconsistent, which leads to the food safety problem can not be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to re-establish a food safety punitive damages system in accordance with economic rationality from the subjective elements, the amount of compensation calculation standard, relevant factors consideration, supporting system and so on, so as to effectively play the role of punitive damages.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.16

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