电子执法环境下阶梯式处罚强度模型研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 14:52

本文选题：交通电子执法 + 交通违法　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快，我国小汽车拥有量呈现爆炸式增长，，人、车、路、环境之间的矛盾越来越突出，给交通管理部门带来了巨大压力，传统交通管理模式亟需改进。近年来，电子执法作为一种高科技非现场执法手段在我国得到迅速普及和应用，在提高交通管理效率、减少交通事故方面，电子执法发挥了重要作用。但是与之相应的交通处罚措施一直是单一制的，缺乏对诸如“屡罚不止”行为的抑制作用，相反，可能还存在激励作用，这在一定程度上限制了电子执法在道路交通环境中作用的发挥。由于单一制处罚机制存在社会福利的帕累托改进而不是最优效率的，因而有必要寻求一种效率与成本补偿的帕累托改进——阶梯式处罚机制，以实现“效率优先、兼顾公平”的交通处罚目标。运用经济学理论，对交通违法行为的经济学特性进行了分析，提出了基于利益驱动的驾驶员违法驾驶决策模型；同时，分析了在电子执法环境下驾驶员违法行为的基本特征，包括影响因素、违法类型、时段和违法结构方面的特征。在分析交通处罚的确定性、严厉性、及时性对交通违法行为影响的基础上，结合国内外交通处罚措施的对比分析，对阶梯式处罚机制的基本框架进行了总体设计，包括模型假设和前提、抽象表达、参数标定原则以及处罚程序等。引入了罚金弹性的概念，借助经济学上的供求原则和边际效应原则，建立了基于驾驶员响应的阶梯式处罚强度模型，并采用模式搜索法对模型进行求解。以牡丹江市区“违法停车”行为的处罚措施制定为例，结合调查和收集的数据，对阶梯式处罚强度模型进行了参数标定和算例分析，提出了相应的建议和意见，并计算分析阶梯式处罚机制实施后交通违法行为的预期变化情况。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the number of cars in our country is increasing explosively. The contradiction between people, cars, roads and environment is more and more prominent, which brings great pressure to the traffic management department, and the traditional traffic management mode needs to be improved urgently. In recent years, electronic law enforcement, as a high-tech off-site law enforcement means, has been rapidly popularized and applied in China. It has played an important role in improving the efficiency of traffic management and reducing traffic accidents. However, the corresponding traffic penalties have always been unitary, lacking in the suppression of actions such as "repeated punishment", and on the contrary, there may also be incentives. To a certain extent, this limits the role of electronic law enforcement in the road traffic environment. Because there exists Pareto improvement of social welfare instead of optimal efficiency, it is necessary to seek a Pareto amelioration-step penalty mechanism of efficiency and cost compensation to realize "efficiency priority". The goal of fair traffic punishment. Based on the theory of economics, this paper analyzes the economic characteristics of traffic violations, puts forward a decision model of drivers' illegal driving based on interest driving, and analyzes the basic characteristics of drivers' illegal driving under the environment of electronic law enforcement. Including influencing factors, types of violations, period and illegal structure of the characteristics. On the basis of analyzing the influence of certainty, severity and timeliness of traffic punishment on traffic illegal behavior, combined with the comparative analysis of traffic punishment measures at home and abroad, the basic framework of step punishment mechanism is designed as a whole. It includes model hypothesis and premise, abstract expression, parameter calibration principle and penalty procedure. In this paper, the concept of fine elasticity is introduced. With the aid of the principle of supply and demand in economics and the principle of marginal effect, the stepwise penalty intensity model based on driver's response is established, and the model is solved by pattern search method. Taking the punishment measures of "illegal parking" in Mudanjiang urban area as an example, combined with the investigation and data collected, the parameter calibration and calculation analysis of the stepwise punishment intensity model are carried out, and the corresponding suggestions and opinions are put forward. And calculate and analyze the expected changes of traffic illegal behavior after the implementation of step-type punishment mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.14

【参考文献】