环境保护的国家给付义务研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 22:50

本文选题：环境保护 + 公法视角　；参考：《温州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：经历了物质积累的工业文明,以公民环境权为价值导向的生态文明成为时代主旋律。公民环保意识的强化和权利诉求的增加迫使专家学者们认真思考公民环境权的实现路径。在国家层面,自党的十八大以来,生态文明建设被提升到更加重要的战略位置,建设美丽中国成为党和国家工作的重点。相应地,创新环境治理体系,推行绿色、共享和法治思维方式成为提升国家环境治理能力的必然要求。传统上环境问题的解决着眼于“公民或企业的环境保护义务—政府的环境监管职责”这一单一线路,被动的“环境监督者”角色使得环境治理成果收效甚微,“十面霾伏,”等环境危机愈演愈烈。究其背后,一味强调公民环境保护义务,却忽视了环境权这一宪法性权利背后国家应该承担的责任。而纵观国外环境权理论和实践的发展,大多都是从其人权性质地位出发,进而一步步推动环境权在国家层面的保障实施。本文从公法学的视角出发,通过义务转向,即由“公民环境保护义务,”向“国家环境给付义务”进行转向。通过论证公民环境权益的合理性与国家给付义务之间的关系,引入环境保护的国家给付义务,从而在职能上完成从国家环境监管到提供环境公共服务的跨越。同时,借鉴国家给付义务在宪法学体系中的概念、地位,将其引申到生态环境领域,实现环境保护的国家给付义务在国家义务体系中的定位。通过国家立法机关、司法机关和行政机关的给付义务分配,完成对环境保护的国家给付义务体系的解构。而最终要达成的效果则是突破环境权被架空的困境,从而推动国家对环境公共产品的供给和环境保护职责的履行。
[Abstract]:The ecological civilization, which has experienced the accumulation of material, has become the main theme of the times. The strengthening of citizens' environmental awareness and the increase of rights appeal compel experts and scholars to think seriously about the realization of the right to environmental rights of citizens. At the national level, since the ten Eighth Congress of the party, the construction of ecological civilization has been promoted to a greater extent. The important strategic position, the construction of beautiful China has become the focus of the work of the party and the state. Accordingly, the innovation of the environmental governance system and the implementation of green, sharing and rule of law have become an inevitable requirement for improving the national environmental governance ability. The role of regulatory responsibility "a single line, the passive" environmental supervisor "role makes environmental governance results very little," ten haze, "and other environmental crises are becoming more and more intense. Behind it, it emphasizes the obligation of the citizen's environmental protection, but neglects the responsibility behind the constitutional right of the environment. The development of the theory and practice of border rights is mostly from the status of the nature of human rights, and then step by step to promote the implementation of environmental rights at the national level. From the perspective of public law, this article turns to the "obligation of environmental protection of citizens," to the "obligation of State Environmental payment" from the perspective of public law. The relationship between the rationality of the benefit and the state payment obligation is introduced, and the state payment obligation is introduced into the environmental protection, so as to complete the leap from the State Environmental Supervision to the provision of the environmental public service. At the same time, it draws lessons from the concept and status of the state provision obligation in the constitutional system and extends it to the ecological environment and realizes the environmental protection. The state payment obligation is located in the state obligation system. Through the distribution of the obligations of the state legislature, the judiciary and the administrative organs, the state payment obligation system is deconstructed. The final effect is to break through the dilemma of the environmental rights and promote the state's supply of environmental public goods. And the performance of environmental protection duties.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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